Interventional pediatric cardiology is an established and mature subspecialty in its own right within pediatric cardiology. Although catheter-based techniques for relieving pulmonary stenosis and closing arterial ducts were reported in the 1960s, it is generally acknowledged that Rashkind’s and Miller’s 1966 report of balloon atrial septostomy for transposition of the great arteries heralded the era of therapeutic cardiac catheterization for congenital heart defects. However, broad application of catheter-based interventional techniques to congenital heart disease would await the development and description of a static, transluminal balloon dilation technique.