Advertisement
Review Article| Volume 79, ISSUE 4, P457-467, February 15, 1997

Download started.

Ok

James Thornton Willerson, MD: A Conversation With the Editor1

      Jim Willerson is one of the major forces in cardiovascular disease in the world. After his training in Boston and in Bethesda he returned to his beloved Texas by joining the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School in Dallas. Within 1 year he rose from Assistant to Associate Professor of Medicine and 3 years later at age 37 he became Professor of Medicine occupying an endowed chair. A year later he was Director of the Cardiology Division. He remained in Dallas for 18 years, leaving in 1989 to become Chairman of the Department of Internal Medicine at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Chief of the Medical Services at Herman Hospital and at the Lyndon Baines Johnson General Hospital, Medical Director of the Texas Heart Institute and Chief of Cardiology at the Texas Heart Institute and at St. Luke's Hospital. When he left Dallas his chair in cardiology was renamed the “James T. Willerson, MD., Distinguished Chair in Cardiovascular Diseases.” In 1993 he became Editor in Chief of Circulation. His honors and research contributions have been numerous. His publications in medical journals as of September 1996 number 624 and he is the author or coauthor of 10 books. He has received numerous teaching awards. Many patients are under his personal care. I am grateful that Dr. Willerson was willing to share the interview which follows.
      To read this article in full you will need to make a payment

      Purchase one-time access:

      Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online access
      One-time access price info
      • For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
      • For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'

      Subscribe:

      Subscribe to American Journal of Cardiology
      Already a print subscriber? Claim online access
      Already an online subscriber? Sign in
      Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect

      References

        • Lang DJ
        • Scolnick EM
        • Willerson JT
        Association of cytomegalovirus with post perfusion syndrome.
        N Engl J Med. 1967; 278: 1147-1149
        • Barth WF
        • Gordon KJ
        • Willerson JT
        Amylodosis induced in mice by escherichia coli endotoxin.
        Science. 1968; 163: 694-695
        • Barth WF
        • Willerson JT
        • Waldmann TA
        • Decker JL
        Primary adyloidosis. Clinical, immunochemical and immunoglobulin metabolism studies in fifteen patients.
        Am J Med. 1969; 47: 259-273
        • Willerson JT
        • Gordon KJ
        • Talal N
        • Barth WF
        Murine amyloid. II. Transfer of an amyloid-accelerating substance.
        Arth Rheum. 199; 12: 232-240
        • Willerson JT
        • Thompson RH
        • Hookman P
        • Herdt J
        • Decker JL
        Reserpine in Raynaud's disease and phenomenon. Short term response to intra-arterial injection.
        Ann Intern Med. 1970; 72: 17-27
        • Willerson JT
        • Moellering Jr, RC
        • Buckley MJ
        • Austen WG
        Conjunctival petechiaeafter open heart surgery.
        N Engl J Med. 1971; 284: 539-540
        • Willerson JT
        • Kastor JA
        • Dinsmore RE
        • Mundth E
        • Buckley MJ
        • Austen WG
        • Sanders CA
        Non-invasive assessment of prosthetic mitral paravalvular and intravalvular regurgitation.
        Br Heart J. 1972; 34: 561-568
        • Rogers MC
        • Willerson JT
        • Goldblatt A
        • Smith TW
        Serum digoxin concentrationsin the human fetus, neonate and infant.
        N Engl J Med. 1972; 287: 1010-1013
        • Willerson JT
        • Powell Jr, WJ
        • Guiney TE
        • Stark JJ
        • Sanders CA
        • Leaf A
        Improvement in myocardial function and coronary blood flow in ischemic myocardium after mannitol.
        J Clin Invest. 1972; 51: 2989-2998
        • Dinsmore RE
        • Willerson JT
        • Buckley MJ
        Dissecting aneurysm of the aorta: aortographic features affecting prognosis.
        Radiology. 1972; 105: 567-572
        • Karlsson JK
        • Templeton GH
        • Willerson JT
        Relationship between epicardial ST segment changes and myocardial metabolism during acute coronary insufficiency.
        Circ Res. 1973; 32: 725-730
        • Willerson JT
        • Weisfeldt ML
        • Sanders CA
        • Powell Jr, WJ
        Influence of hyperosmolar agents on hypoxic cat papillary muscle function.
        Cardiovasc Res. 1974; 8: 8-17
        • Willerson JT
        • Crie S
        • Adcock R
        • Templeton GH
        • Wildenthal K
        Influence of calcium on the inotropic actions of hyperosmotic agents, norepinephrine, paired electrical stimulation and treppe.
        J Clin Invest. 1974; 54: 957-964
        • Hamlin W
        • Willerson JT
        • Powell Jr, WJ
        The neurogenic vasoconstrictor effect of digitalis on coronary vascular resistance.
        J Clin Invest. 1974; 53: 288-296
        • Watson JT
        • Willerson JT
        • Fixler DE
        • Sugg WL
        Temporal changes in collateral coronary blood flow in ischemic myocardium during intraaortic balloon pumping.
        Circulation. 1974; 50: 249-254
        • Willerson JT
        • Hutcheson D
        • Leshin SJ
        • Faloona GR
        • Unger RH
        Serum glucagon insulin levels and their relationship to blood glucose values in patients with acute myocardial infarction and acute coronary insufficiency.
        Am J Med. 1974; 57: 747-753
        • Parkey RW
        • Bonte FJ
        • Meyer SL
        • Atkins JM
        • Curry GC
        • Willerson JT
        A new method for radionuclide imaging of acute myocardial infarction in humans.
        Circulation. 1974; 50: 540-546
        • Willerson JT
        • Curry GC
        • Watson JT
        • Leshin SJ
        • Ecker RR
        • Mullins CB
        • Platt MR
        • Sugg WL
        Intraaortic balloon counterpulsation in patients in cardiogenic shock, medically refractory left ventricular failure and/or recurrent ventricular tachycardia.
        Am J Med. 1975; 58: 183-191
        • Willerson JT
        • Watson JT
        • Hutton I
        • Fixler DE
        • Curry GC
        • Templeton GH
        The influence of hypertonic mannitol on regional myocardial blood flow during acute and chronic myocardial ischemia in anesthetized and awake intact dogs.
        J Clin Invest. 1975; 55: 892-902
        • Willerson JT
        • Watson JT
        • Hutton I
        • Templeton GH
        • Fixler DE
        Reduced myocardial reflow and increased coronary vascular resistance following prolonged myocardial ischemia in the dog.
        Circ Res. 1975; 36: 771-781
        • Willerson JT
        • Parkey RW
        • Bonte FJ
        • Meyer SL
        • Atkins JM
        • Stokely EM
        Technetium stannous pyrophosphate myocardial scintigrams in patients with chest pain of varying etiology.
        Circulation. 1975; 51: 1046-1052
        • Willerson JT
        • Parkey RW
        • Bonte FJ
        • Meyer SL
        • Stokely EM
        Acute subendocardial myocardial infarction in patients: its detection by technetium 99m stannous pyrophosphate myocardial scintigrams.
        Circulation. 1975; 51: 436-441
        • Willerson JT
        • Curry GC
        • Atkins JM
        • Horwitz LD
        Influence of hypertonic mannitol on ventricular performance and coronary blood flow in patients.
        Circulation. 1975; 51: 1095-1100
        • Buja LM
        • Parkey RW
        • Dees JH
        • Stokely EM
        • Harris Jr, RA
        • Bonte FJ
        • Willerson JT
        Morphologic correlates of technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate imaging of acute myocardial infarcts in dogs.
        Circulation. 1975; 52: 596-607
        • Wildenthal K
        • Adcock RC
        • Crie JS
        • Templeton GH
        • Willerson JT
        Negative negative inotropic influence of hyperosmoticolutions on cardiac muscle.
        Am J Physiol. 1975; 229: 1505-1509
        • Stone MJ
        • Willerson JT
        • Gomez-Sanchez C
        • Waterman M
        Radioimmunoassay of myoglobin in human serum. Results in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
        J Clin Invest. 1975; 56: 1334-1339
        • Watson JT
        • Fixler DE
        • Platt MR
        • Nall BB
        • Jett GK
        • Willerson JT
        The influence of combined intraaortic balloon counterpulsation and hyperosmotic mannitol on regional myocardial blood flow in ischemic myocardium in the dog.
        Circ Res. 1976; 38: 506-513
        • Watson JT
        • Platt MR
        • Rogers DE
        • Sugg WL
        • Willerson JT
        Similarities in coronary flow between external counterpulsation and intraaortic balloon pumping.
        Am J Physiol. 1976; 230: 1616-1621
        • Buja LM
        • Parkey RW
        • Stokely EM
        • Bonte FJ
        • Willerson JT
        Pathophysiology of technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate and thallium-201 scintigraphy of acute anterior myocardial infarcts in dogs.
        J Clin Invest. 1975; 57: 1508-1522
        • Kloner R
        • Reimer K
        • Willerson JT
        • Jenning R
        Reduction of experimental myocardial infarct size with hyperosmolar mannitol.
        Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1976; 151: 677-683
        • Meyer SL
        • Curry GC
        • Donsky MS
        • Twieg DB
        • Parkey RW
        • Willerson JT
        Influence of dobutamine on hemodynamics and coronary blood flow inpatients with and without coronary artery disease.
        Am J Cardiol. 1976; 38: 103-108
        • Parkey RW
        • Bonte FJ
        • Stokely EM
        • Lewis SE
        • Graham KD
        • Buja LM
        • Willerson JT
        Acute myocardial infarction imaged with technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate and thallium-201. A clinical evaluation.
        J Nucl Med. 1976; 17: 771-779
        • Pugh BR
        • Buja LM
        • Parkey RW
        • Poliner LR
        • Bonte FJ
        • Willerson JT
        Cardioversion and its potential role in the production of “false positive” technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate myocardial scintigrams.
        Circulation. 1976; 54: 399-403
        • Stokely EM
        • Parkey RW
        • Bonte FJ
        • Graham KD
        • Stone MJ
        • Willerson JT.
        Gated blood pool imaging following technetium-99m phosphate scintigraphy.
        Radiology. 1976; 120: 433-434
        • Crie S
        • Wildenthal K
        • Adcock R
        • Templeton GH
        • Willerson JT
        Inhibition of the inotropic effect of hyperosmotic mannitol by lactate in vitro.
        Am J Physiol. 1976; 231: 1209-1213
        • Krishnamurty VSR
        • Adams HR
        • Smitherman TC
        • Templeton GH
        • Willerson JT
        Influence of mannitol on contractile responses of isolated perfused arteries.
        Am J Physiol. 1977; 232: H59-H66
        • Gray WR
        • Parkey RW
        • Buja LM
        • Stokely EM
        • McAllister RE
        • Bonte FJ
        • Willerson JT
        Computerized tomography. In vitro evaluation of myocardial infarction.
        Radiology. 1977; 122: 511-513
        • Stone MJ
        • Waterman MR
        • Murray G
        • Harimoto D
        • Platt MR
        • Blomqvist G
        • Willerson JT
        The serum myoglobin level as a diagnostic test in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
        Br Heart J. 1977; 38: 375-380
        • Willerson JT
        • Scales F
        • Mukherjee A
        • Platt MR
        • Templeton GH
        • Fink GC
        • Buja LM
        Abnormal myocardial fluid retention as an early manifestation of ischemic injury.
        Am J Pathol. 1977; 87: 159-188
        • Willerson JT
        • Stone MJ
        • Ting R
        • Mukherjee A
        • Gomez-Sanchez CE
        • Lewis P
        • Hersh LB
        Radioimmunoassay of CPK-B isoenzyme in human sera. Results in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
        Proc Natl Acad Sci. 1977; 74: 1711-1715
        • Lewis M
        • Buja LM
        • Saffer S
        • Mishelevich D
        • Stokely E
        • Lewis S
        • Parkey R
        • Bonte F
        • Willerson JT
        Experimental infarct sizing utilizing computer processing and a three-dimensional model.
        Science. 1977; 197: 167-169
        • Buja LM
        • Tofe AJ
        • Kulkarni PV
        • Mukherjee A
        • Parkey RW
        • Francis MD
        • Bonte FJ
        • Willerson JT
        Sites and mechanisms of localization of technetium-99m phosphorus radiopharmaceuticals in acute myocardial infarcts and other tissues.
        J Clin Invest. 1977; 60: 724-740
        • Gilkeson G
        • Stone MJ
        • Waterman M
        • Ting R
        • Gomez-Sanchez CE
        • Hull A
        • Willerson JT
        Detection of myoglobin by radiommunoassay in human sera: its usefulness and limitations as an emergency room screening test for acute myocardial infarction.
        Am Heart J. 1978; 95: 70-77
        • Stone MJ
        • Waterman MR
        • Poliner LR
        • Templeton GH
        • Buja LM
        • Willerson JT
        Myoglobinemia is an early and quantitative index of acute myocardial infarction.
        Angiology. 1978; 29: 386-392
        • Buja LM
        • Poliner LR
        • Parkey RW
        • Pulido J
        • Hutcheson D
        • Platt MR
        • Mills L
        • Bonte FJ
        • Willerson JT
        Clinicopathologic study of persistently positive technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate myocardial scintigrams and myocytolytic degeneration after acute myocardial infarction.
        Circulation. 1977; 56: 1016-1023
        • Bilheimer DW
        • Buja LM
        • Parkey RW
        • Bonte FJ
        • Willerson JT
        Increased fatty acid uptake: a characteristic feature of the peripheral and border zones of experimental myocardial infarcts.
        J Nucl Med. 1978; 19: 276-283
        • Kulkarni PV
        • Parkey RW
        • Buja LM
        • Wilson JE
        • Bonte FJ
        • Willerson JT
        Technetium-labeled heparin: preliminary report of a potential new radio-pharmaceutical for imaging damaged coronary arteries and myocardium.
        J Nucl Med. 1978; 19: 810-815
        • Krishnamurty VSR
        • Adams HR
        • Templeton GH
        • Willerson JT
        Inhibitory effect of hypertonic mannitol on vasoconstrictor and vasodilator responses of isolated arterial smooth muscle.
        Am J Physiol. 1979; 235: 728-735
        • Poliner LR
        • Buja LM
        • Parkey RW
        • Bonte FJ
        • Willerson JT
        Clincopathologic findings in 52 patients studied by technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate myocardial scintigrams.
        Circulation. 1979; 59: 257-267
        • Jones LR
        • Besch Jr, HR
        • Sutko JL
        • Willerson JT
        Ryanodine-induced stimulation of NET Ca++1 uptake by cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles.
        J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1979; 209: 48-55
        • Rothkopf M
        • Boerner J
        • Stone MJ
        • Smitherman TC
        • Buja LM
        • Parkey RW
        • Willerson JT
        Detection of myocardial infarction extension in patients by CK-B radioimmunoassay.
        Circulation. 1979; 59: 268-274
        • Goodman FR
        • Willerson JT
        • Hester K
        • Weiss G
        Effects of hypertonic mannitol on contractile responses and 45Ca movements in isolated canine arteries.
        J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1979; 1: 265-276
        • Rude R
        • Parkey RW
        • Bonte FJ
        • Twieg D
        • Lewis S
        • Pulido J
        • Buja LM
        • Willerson JT
        Clinical implications of the “doughnut” pattern of uptake in technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate myocardial scintigrams in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
        Circulation. 1979; 59: 721-730
        • Sutko J
        • Willerson JT
        • Templeton GH
        • Besch Jr, HR
        • Jones LR
        Ryanodine: its alterations of cat papillary muscle contractile state and responsiveness to inotropic interventions and a suggested mechanism of action.
        J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1979; 290: 37-47
        • Rude RE
        • Rubin HS
        • Stone MJ
        • Lewis S
        • Parkey R
        • Bonte FJ
        • Buja LM
        • Willerson JT
        Radioimmunoassay of serum creatine kinase B isoenzyme: correlation with technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate myocardial scintigraphy in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction.
        Am J Med. 1980; 68: 405-413
        • Mukherjee A
        • Wong TM
        • Buja LM
        • Lefkowitz RJ
        • Willerson JT
        Beta adrenergic and muscarinic cholinergic receptors in canine myocardium. Effects of myocardial ischemia.
        J Clin Invest. 1979; 64: 1423-1428
        • Kulkarni PV
        • Parkey RW
        • Wilson JE
        • Buja LM
        • Bonte FJ
        • Willerson JT
        A modified technetium-99m heparin radiopharmaceutical for scintigraphic recognition of acute experimental myocardial infarcts.
        J Nucl Med. 1980; 21: 117-121
        • Willerson JT
        • Parkey RW
        • Bonte FJ
        • Lewis S
        • Corbett J
        • Buja LM
        Pathophysiologic considerations and clinocopathological correlates of technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate myocardial scintigraphy.
        Semin Nucl Med. 1980; 10: 54-69
        • Sutko JL
        • Willerson JT
        Ryanodine alteration of the contractile state of rat ventricular myocardium: comparison with dog, cat and rabbit ventricular tissues.
        Circ Res. 1980; 46: 332-343
        • Willerson JT
        • Kulkarni P
        • Stone M
        • Lewis SE
        • Eigenbrodt E
        • Bonte FJ
        • Parkey RW
        • Buja LM
        Localization of an anti-mitochondrial antibody in experimental canine myocardial infarcts.
        Proc Natl Acad Sci. 1980; 77: 6856-6859
        • Buja LM
        • Willerson JT
        Clincopathologic findings in 100 episodes of acute ischemic heart disease (acute myocardial infarction or coronary insufficiency) in 83 patients.
        Am J Cardiol. 1981; 47: 343-356
        • Chien KR
        • Reeves JP
        • Buja LM
        • Bonte FJ
        • Parkey RW
        • Willerson JT
        Phospholipid alterations in canine ischemic myocardium: temporal and topographical correlations with Tc-99m-PPi accumulation and an in vitro sacrolemmal Ca5H permeability defect.
        Circ Res. 1981; 48: 711-719
        • Parkey RW
        • Kulkarni P
        • Lewis S
        • Datz F
        • Gutekunst D
        • Denmar G
        • Buja L
        • Bonte F
        • Willerson JT
        Effect of coronary blood flow and site of injection on Tc99m-PPi detection of early canine myocardial infarcts.
        J Nucl Med. 1981; 22: 133-137
      1. Corbett J, Dehmer GJ, Lewis SE, Woodward W, Henderson E, Parkey RW, Blomqvist CG, Willerson JT. The prognostic value of submaximal exercise testing with radionuclide ventriculography prior to hospital discharge in patients with recent myocardial infarction. Circulation 1981;64:545–544.

        • Hirsh PD
        • Hillis LD
        • Campbell WB
        • Firth BG
        • Willerson JT
        Release of prostaglandins and thromboxane into the coronary circulation in patients with ischemic heart disease.
        N Engl J Med. 1981; 304: 685-691
        • Roan PG
        • Buja LM
        • Saffer S
        • Hagler H
        • Duke B
        • Hillis LD
        • Willerson JT
        Effects of systemic hypertension on ischemic and non-ischemic regional left ventricular function is awake, unsedated dogs after experimental coronary occulsion.
        Circulation. 1982; 65: 115-125
        • Mukherjee A
        • McCoy KE
        • Duke RJ
        • Hogan M
        • Hagler H
        • Buja LM
        • Willerson JT
        Relationship between beta adrenergic receptor numbers and physiologic responses during experimental canine myocardial ischemia.
        Circ Res. 1982; 50: 735-741
        • Bush LR
        • Samowitz W
        • Buja LM
        • Rude RE
        • Willerson JT
        Recovery of left ventricular segmental function after long-term reperfusion following temporary coronary occulsion in conscious dogs: comparison of 2- and 4-hour occlusions.
        Circ Res. 1983; 53: 248-263
        • Bush LR
        • Campbell WB
        • Tilton GD
        • Buja LM
        • Willerson JT
        Effects of the selective thromboxane synthetase inhibitor dazoxiben on variations in cyclic blood flow in stenosed canine coronary arteries.
        Circulation. 1984; 69: 1161-1170
        • Chien KR
        • Han A
        • Sen A
        • Buja LM
        • Willerson JT
        Accumulation of unesterified arachidonic acid-in ischemic canine myocardium: relationship to a phosphatidyl-choline deacylation-reacylation cycle and the depletion of membrane phospholipids.
        Circ Res. 1984; 54: 313-322
        • Bush LR
        • Campbell WB
        • Kern K
        • Tilton GD
        • Apprill P
        • Ashton J
        • Schmitz J
        • Buja LM
        • Willerson JT
        The effects of alpha2 adrenergic and serotonergic receptor blockade on platelet aggregation in stenosed canine coronary arteries.
        Circ Res. 1984; 55: 642-652
        • Willerson JT
        • Campbell WB
        • Winniford MD
        • Schmitz J
        • Apprill P
        • Firth B
        • Ashton J
        • Smitherman T
        • Bush L
        • Buja LM
        Conversion from chronic to acute coronary artery disease: speculation regarding mechanisms [editorial].
        Am J Cardiol. 1984; 54: 1231-1236
        • Corbett J
        • Lewis SE
        • Wolfe CL
        • Rellas JS
        • Lewis M
        • Parkey RW
        • Sokolov JJ
        • Rude RE
        • Buja LM
        • Willerson JT
        Measurement of myocardial infarct size in patients by technetium pyrophosphate single photon tomography.
        Am J Cardiol. 1984; 54: 1231-1236
        • Chien KR
        • Sen A
        • Reynolds R
        • Chang A
        • Kim Y
        • Gunn MD
        • Buja LM
        • Willerson JT
        Release of arachidonate from membrane phospholipids in cultured myocardial cells during ATP depletion: correlation with the progression of cell injury.
        J Clin Invest. 1985; 78: 1770-1780
        • Wolfe CL
        • Lewis SE
        • Corbett JR
        • Buja LM
        • Willerson JT
        Measurement of infarction fraction using single photon emission computed tomography.
        J Am Coll Cardiol. 1985; 6: 145-151
        • Wheelan K
        • Wolfe C
        • Corbett J
        • Rude R
        • Winnifrd M
        • Parkey RW
        • Buja LM
        • Willerson JT
        Early positive technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate images as a marker of reperfusion in patients receiving thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction.
        Am J Cardiol. 1985; 56: 252-256
        • Buja LM
        • Willerson JT
        Infarct size. Can it be measured or modified in humans?.
        Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 1987; XXIX: 271-289
        • Apprill P
        • Schmitz JM
        • Campbell WB
        • Tilton G
        • Ashton J
        • Raheja S
        • Buja LM
        • Willerson JT
        Cyclic blood flow variations induced by platelet activating factor instenosed canine coronary arteries despite inhibition of thromboxane synthetase, serotonin receptors, and alpha-adrenergic receptors.
        Circulation. 1985; 72: 397-405
        • Schmitz JM
        • Apprill PG
        • Buja LM
        • Willerson JT
        • Campbell WB
        Vascular prostaglandin and thromboxane production in a canine model of myocardial ischemia.
        Circ Res. 1985; 57: 223-231
        • Rehr RB
        • Peshock RM
        • Malloy CR
        • Keller AM
        • Parkey RW
        • Buja LM
        • Nunnally RL
        • Willerson JT
        Improved in vivo magnetic resonance imaging of acute myocardial infarction after intravenous paramagnetic contrast agent administration.
        Am J Cardiol. 1986; 57: 864-868
        • Golino P
        • Ashton JH
        • Benedict CR
        • Fitzgerald C
        • Raheja S
        • Taylor A
        • Campbell W
        • Buja LM
        • Willerson JT
        Serotonin as a mediator cyclic flow variations in stenosed canine coronary arteries.
        Circulation. 1986; 73: 572-578
        • Willerson JT
        • Hillis LD
        • Winniford M
        • Buja LM
        Speculation regarding mechanisms responsbile for acute ischemic heart disease syndromes.
        J Am Cardiol. 1986; 8: 245-250
        • Peshock RM
        • Malloy CR
        • Buja LM
        • Nunnally RL
        • Parkey RW
        • Willerson JT
        Magnetic resonance imaging of acute myocardial infarction: gadolinimum diethylene-triamine pentaacetic acid as a marker of reperfusion.
        Circulation. 1986; 74: 1434-1440
        • Jansen DE
        • Corbett JR
        • Buja LM
        • Hansen C
        • Ugolini V
        • Parkey RW
        • Willerson JT
        Quantification of myocardial injury produced by temporary coronary artery occlusion and reflow with technetium-99m-pyrophosphate.
        Circulation. 1987; 75: 611-617
        • Ashton JH
        • Ogletree ML
        • Michel IM
        • Taylor AL
        • Raheja S
        • Schmitz J
        • Buja LM
        • Campbell WB
        • Willerson JT
        Cooperative medication by serotonin S2 and thrombozane A2/ prostaglandin H2 receptor activation of cyclic flow variations in dogs with severe coronary artery stenoses.
        Circulation. 1987; 76: 952-959
        • Golino P
        • Ashton JH
        • Glas-Greenwalt P
        • McNatt J
        • Buja LM
        • Willerson JT
        Coronary thrombolysis: mediation of reocclusion by thromboxane A2 and serotonin after thrombolysis with tissue-type plasminogen activator in a canine preparation of coronary thrombosis.
        Circulation. 1988; 77: 678-684
        • Willerson JT
        • Golino P
        • Eidt J
        • Campbell WB
        • Buja LM
        Specific platelet mediators and unstable coronary artery lesions. Experimental evidence and potential clinical implications.
        Circulation. 1989; 80: 198-205
        • Eidt JF
        • Allison P
        • Noble S
        • Ashton J
        • Golino P
        • McNatt J
        • Buja LM
        • Willerson JT
        Thrombin is an important mediator of cyclic coronary blood flow variations due to platelet aggregation in stenosed canine coronary arteries.
        in: FM Abboud FM Fallon HJ Wilson JD Rosenberg LE Schrier RW Transactions of the Association of American Physicians. Waverly Press, 1989: 125-136
        • van den Berg EK
        • Schmitz JM
        • Benedict CR
        • Malloy CR
        • Willerson JT
        • Dehmer GJ
        Transcardiac serotonin concentration is increased in selected patients with limiting angina and complex coronary lesion morphology.
        Circulation. 1989; 49: 116-124
        • Golino P
        • Ashton JH
        • Buja LM
        • Taylor AL
        • McNatt J
        • Rosolowsky M
        • Campbell WB
        • Willerson JT
        Local platelet activation causes vasoconstriction of large epicardial canine coronary arteries in vivo: thromboxane A5 and serotonin as possible mediators.
        Circulation. 1989; 79: 154-166
        • Ashton JH
        • Golino P
        • McNatt JM
        • Buja LM
        • Willerson JT
        Serotnin S2 receptor blockade (LY53857) combined with thromboxane A2/prostaglandin H2 receptor blockade (SQ29,548) provide protection against epinephrine-induced intermitten thrombosis in severely narrowed canine coronary arteries.
        J Am Coll Cardiol. 1989; 13: 755-763
        • Golino P
        • Ashton JH
        • McNatt J
        • Glas-Greenwalt P
        • O'Brien RA
        • Buja LM
        • Willerson JT
        Simultaneous administration of thromboxane A2 and serotonin S2 receptor antagonists markedly enhances thrombolysis and prevents or delays reocclusion after tissue-type plasminogen activator in a canine model of coronary thrombosis.
        Circulation. 1989; 79: 911-919
        • Eidt JF
        • Allison P
        • Noble S
        • Ashton J
        • Golino P
        • McNatt J
        • Pastor P
        • Buja LM
        • Willerson JT
        Thrombin is an important mediator of platelet aggregation in stenosed and endothelially-injured canine coronary arteries.
        J Clin Invest. 1989; 84: 18-27
        • Eidt JF
        • Ashton J
        • Golino P
        • McNatt J
        • Buja LM
        • Willerson JT
        Thromboxane A2 and serotonin mediate coronary blood flow reductions in unsedated dogs.
        Am J Physiol. 1989; 26: H873-H882
        • Eidt JF
        • Ashton J
        • Golino P
        • McNatt J
        • Buja LM
        • Willerson JT
        Treadmill exercise promotes cyclical alterations in coronary blood flow in dogs with coronary artery-stenoses and endothelial injury.
        J Clin Invest. 1989; 84L: 517-527
        • Rosolowsky M
        • Falck JR
        • Willerson JT
        • Campbell WB
        Synthesis of lipoxygenase and epoxygenase products of arachidonic acid by normal and stenosed canine coronary arteries.
        Circ Res. 1990; 66: 608-621
        • Golino P
        • Rosolowsky M
        • Yao S
        • McNatt J
        • De Clerck F
        • Buja LM
        • Willerson JT
        Endogenous prostaglandin endoperoxides and prostacyclin modulate the thrombylytic activity of tissue plasminogen activator.
        J Clin Invest. 1990; 86: 1095-1102
        • Eichhorn EJ
        • Grayburn PA
        • Willard JE
        • Anderson HV
        • Bedotto JB
        • Carry M
        • Kahn JK
        • Willerson JT
        Spontaneous alterations in coronary blood flow velocity before and after coronary angioplasty in patients with severe angina.
        J Am Coll Cardiol. 1991; 17: 101B-110B
        • Golino P
        • Piscione F
        • Willerson JT
        • Cappelli-Bigazzi M
        • Focaccio A
        • Villari B
        • Indolfi C
        • Russolillo E
        • Condorelli M
        • Chiariello M
        Divergent effects of serotonin on coronary-artery dimensions and blood flow in patients with coronary atherosclerosis and control patients.
        N Engl J Med. 1991; 324: 641-648
        • Willerson JT
        • Yao SK
        • McNatt J
        • Benedict CR
        • Anderson HV
        • Golino P
        • Murphee SS
        • Buja LM
        Frequency and severity of cyclic flow alterations and platelet aggregation predict the severity of neointimal proliferation following experimental coronary stenosis and endothelial injury.
        Proc Nat Acad Sci. 1991; 88: 10624-10628
        • Carry M
        • Korley V
        • Willerson JT
        • Weigelt L
        • Ford-Hutchison AW
        • Tagari P
        Increased urinary leukotriene excretion in patients with cardiac ischemia: in vivo evidence for 5-Lipoxygenase activation.
        Circulation. 1992; 85: 230-236
        • Anderson HV
        • Revana M
        • Rosales O
        • Brannigan L
        • Stuart Y
        • Weisman H
        • Willerson JT
        Intravenous administration of monoclonal antibody to the platelet GP IIb/IIIa receptor to treat abrupt closure during coronary angioplasty.
        Am J Cardio. 1992; 69: 1373-1376
        • Yao SK
        • Ober J
        • Krishnaswarni A
        • Ferguson JJ
        • Anderson HV
        • Golino P
        • Buja LM
        • Willerson JT
        Endogenous nitric oxide protects against platelet aggregation and cyclic flow variations in stenosed and endothelium-injured arteries.
        Circulation. 1992; 86: 1302-1309
        • Yao SK
        • Ober JC
        • Ferguson JJ
        • Anderson HV
        • Maraganore J
        • Buja LM
        • Willerson JT
        Combination of inhibition of thrombin and blockade of thromboxane A2 synthetase and receptors enhances thrombolysis and delays arterial reocclusion.
        Circulation. 1992; 86: 1993-1999
        • Golino P
        • Ambrosio G
        • Ragni M
        • Pascucci I
        • Tirggiana M
        • Oriente A
        • McNatt J
        • Buja LM
        • Condorelli M
        • Chiariello M
        • Willerson JT
        Short-term and long-term role of platelets activating factor as a mediator of in vivo platelet aggregation.
        Circulation. 1993; 88: 1205-1214
        • Yao SK
        • McNatt J
        • Cui K
        • Anderson HV
        • Maffrand J-P
        • Buja LM
        • Willerson JT
        Combined ADP and thromboxane A2 antagonism prevents cyclic flow variations in stenosed and endothelium-injured arteries in nonhuman primates.
        Circulation. 1993; 88: 2888-2893
        • Yao SK
        • Ober JC
        • Gonenne A
        • Clubb FJ
        • Krishnaswami A
        • Ferguson JJ
        • Anderson HV
        • Gorecki M
        • Buja LM
        • Willerson JT
        Active oxygen species play a role in mediating platelet aggregation and cyclic flow variations in severely stenosed and endothelium-injured coronary arteries.
        Circ Res. 1993; 73: 952-967
        • The EPIC Investigators
        Use of a monoclonal antibody directed against the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor in high-risk coronary angioplasty.
        N Engl J Med. 1994; 330: 956-991
        • Anderson JV
        • Kirkeeide RL
        • Krishnaswami A
        • Weigelt LA
        • Revana M
        • Weisman HF
        • Willerson JT
        Cyclic flow variations with coronary angioplasty in humans: clinical and angiographic characteristics and elimination with 7E3 monoclonal antiplatelet antibody.
        J Am Coll Cardiol. 1994; 23: 1031-1037
        • Golino P
        • Piscione F
        • Benedict CR
        • Anderson HV
        • Capelli-Bigassi M
        • Infolfi C
        • Condorelli M
        • Chiariello M
        • Willerson JT
        Local effect of serotonin released during coronary angioplasty.
        N Engl J Med. 1994; 330: 523-528
        • Yao SK
        • Ober JC
        • Garfinkel LI
        • Ferguson JJ
        • Hagay Y
        • Ezov N
        • Ferguson JJ
        • Anderson HV
        • Panet A
        • Gorecki M
        • Buja LM
        • Willerson JT
        Blockade of platelet membrane glycoprotein lb receptors delays intracoronary thrombogenesis, enchances thrombolysis and delays coronary artery reocclusion in dogs.
        Circulation. 1994; 89: 2822-2828
        • Topol EJ
        • Califf RM
        • Weisman HS
        • Ellis SG
        • Tchenig JE
        • Worley S
        • Ivanhoe R
        • George BS
        • Fintel D
        • Weston M
        • Sigmon K
        • Anderson K
        • Lee KL
        • Willerson JT
        • for the EPIC Investigators
        Randomised trial of coronary intervention with antibody against platelet IIb/IIIa integrin for reduction of clinical restenosis: results of 6 months.
        Lancet. 1994; 343: 881-886
        • Yao SK
        • Ober JC
        • Ferguson JJ
        • Maffrand J-P
        • Anderson HV
        • Buja LM
        • Willerson JT
        Clopidogrel is more effective than aspirin as an adjuvant treatment to prevent reocclusion after thrombolysis.
        Am J Phys. 1994; 267: H488-H493
        • McGhie AI
        • McNatt J
        • Ezov N
        • Cui K
        • Mower LK
        • Hagay Y
        • Buja LM
        • Garfinkel LI
        • Gorecki M
        • Willerson JT
        Abolition of cyclic flow variations in stenosed, endothelium-injured coronary arteries in non-human primates with a peptide fragment (VCL) derived from human plasma von Willebrand factor-GP1b binding domain.
        Circulation. 1994; 90: 2976-2981
        • Pakala R
        • Willerson JT
        • Benedict CR
        Mitogenic effect of serotonin on vascular endothelial cells.
        Circulation. 1994; 90: 1919-1926
        • Mueller HW
        • Haught CA
        • McNatt JM
        • Cui K
        • Gaskell SJ
        • Willerson JT
        Measurement of platelet activating factor in a canine model of coronary thrombosis and in endarterectomy samples from patients with advanced coronary artery disease.
        Circ Res. 1995; 77: 54-63
        • Zoldhelyi P
        • McNatt J
        • Xu XM
        • Loose-Mitchell D
        • Meidell R
        • Clubb FJ
        • Buja M
        • Willerson JT
        • Wu KK
        Prevention of arterial thrombosis of adenovirus-mediated transfer of cyclooxygenase gene.
        Circulation. 1996; 93: 10-17
        • Casscells W
        • Hathorn B
        • Dvid M
        • Krabach T
        • Vaughn W
        • McAllister H
        • Bearman G
        • Willerson TJ
        Thermal detection of cellular infiltrates in living atherosclerotic plaques: possible implications for plaque rupture and thrombosis.
        Lancet. 1996; 347: 1147-1149