Anemia, defined by the World Health Organization as hemoglobin (Hb) levels <13.0 g/100 ml
in male adults and <12.0 g/100 ml in female adults, is a common co-morbidity in heart
failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), affecting up to two-thirds of
all patients.
1
The most common contributing factor of anemia in HFrEF is iron deficiency, with the
establishment of intravenous iron supplementation as an appropriate treatment strategy
for such patients.
2
Anemia is associated with a significant increase in the risk for death or hospitalization
for HF in patients with HFrEF by 14%, as demonstrated in a large cohort of patients
with HF from the Swedish HF registry.
3
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References
- Hematinic deficiency in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris). 2022; 71: 153-159
- Anaemia, iron deficiency and heart failure in 2020: facts and numbers.ESC Heart Fail. 2020; 7: 2007-2011
- Prevalence of, associations with, and prognostic role of anemia in heart failure across the ejection fraction spectrum.Int J Cardiol. 2020; 298: 59-65
- SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: a meta-analysis of the EMPEROR-Reduced and DAPA-HF trials.Lancet. 2020; 396: 819-829
- Effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors on hemoglobin and hematocrit levels in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Int Urol Nephrol. 2022; 54: 827-841
- Mediators of the improvement in heart failure outcomes with empagliflozin in the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial.ESC Heart Fail. 2021; 8: 4517-4527
- Impact of anaemia and the effect of empagliflozin in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: findings from EMPEROR-Reduced.Eur J Heart Fail. 2022; 24: 708-715
- Effect of dapagliflozin on anaemia in DAPA-HF.Eur J Heart Fail. 2021; 23: 617-628
Article Info
Publication History
Published online: July 21, 2022
Received:
May 17,
2022
Publication stage
In Press Journal Pre-ProofIdentification
Copyright
© 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
