« Previous
Next »
American Journal of Cardiology
Volume 105, Issue 6
, Pages 849-852
, 15 March 2010
Current Status of Dual Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System Blockade for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases
References
- . Vascular remodeling: the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Am Heart J. 1998;135:S21–S30
- . The cardiovascular continuum and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone blockade. J Hypertens. 2005;23(suppl):S9–S17
- . Renin, angiotensin and aldosterone system in the pathogenesis and management of hypertensive vascular disease. Am J Med. 1972;52:633–652
- . Renin inhibition improves cardiac function and remodeling after myocardial infarction independent of blood pressure. Hypertension. 2008;52:1068–1075
- . Effect of antihypertensive treatment on small arteries of patients with previously untreated essential hypertension. Hypertension. 1995;25:474–481
- . Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention for Endpoint Reduction (LIFE) in hypertension: a randomized trial against atenolol. Lancet. 2002;359:995–1003
- . Effect of the direct renin inhibitor aliskiren, the angiotensin receptor blocker losartan or both on left ventricular mass in patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy. Circulation. 2009;119:530–537
- . Blood pressure-dependent and independent effects of agents that inhibit the renin-angiotensin system. J Hypertens. 2007;25:951–958
- . Synergistic effects of ACE inhibition and Ang II antagonism on blood pressure, cardiac weight, and renin in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Circulation. 1997;96:3072–3078
- . Partial escape of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition during prolonged ACE inhibitor treatment: does it exist and does it affect the antihypertensive response?. J Hypertens. 1992;10:803–812
- . Determinants of increased angiotensin II levels in severe chronic heart failure patients despite ACE inhibition. Int J Cardiol. 2006;26:367–372
- . Reactive hyper-reninemia is a major determinant of plasma angiotensin II during ACE inhibition. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1990;15:276–282
- . Pathways for angiotensin II generation in intact human tissue: evidence from comparative pharmacological interruption of the renin system. Hypertension. 1998;32:387–392
- . RAS blockade with ARB and ACE inhibitors: current perspective on rationale and patient selection. Clin Res Cardiol. 2008;97:418–431
- . Additive effects of losartan and enalapril on blood pressure and plasma active renin. Hypertension. 1997;29:634–640
- . The pleiotropic effects of angiotensin receptor blockers. J Clin Hypertens. 2006;8:261–268
- . Randomised controlled trial of dual blockade of renin-angiotensin system in patients with hypertension, microalbuminuria, and non-insulin dependent diabetes: the Candesartan and Lisinopril Microalbuminuria (CALM) study. Br J Med. 2000;21:1440–1414
- . Antihypertensive efficacy of candesartan-lisinopril in combination vs uptitration of lisinopril: the AMAZE trials. J Clin Hypertens. 2004;6:485–493
- . Systematic review of combined angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and angiotensin receptor blockade in hypertension. Hypertension. 2005;45:880–886
- . Telmisartan, ramipril, or both in patients at high risk for vascular events. N Engl J Med. 2008;358:1547–1559
- . Aliskiren, an orally effective renin inhibitor, provides antihypertensive efficacy alone and in combination with valsartan. Am J Hypertens. 2007;20:11–20
- . Efficacy and safety of combined use of aliskiren and valsartan in patients with hypertension: a randomised, double-blind trial. Lancet. 2007;370:221–229
- . Long-term safety, tolerability and efficacy of aliskiren in combination with valsartan in patients with hypertension: a 6-month interim analysis. Curr Med Res Opin. 2008;24:1039–1047
- . Adverse effects of combination of angiotensin II receptor blockers plus angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors for left ventricular dysfunction. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167:1930–1936
- . Safety and tolerability of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor versus the combination of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker in patients with left ventricular dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Card Fail. 2008;14:181–188
- . Renal outcomes with telmisartan, ramipril, or both, in people at high vascular risk (the ONTARGET study): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, controlled trial. Lancet. 2008;372:547–553
- . Aliskiren combined with losartan in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 2008;358:2433–2446
- . Angiotensin II receptor blockade (Is there truly a benefit of adding an ACE inhibitor?). Hypertension. 2003;41:31–36
- . Effects of benazepril and hydrochlorothiazide, given alone and in low-and high-dose combinations, on blood pressure in patients with hypertension. Arch Fam Med. 1996;5:17–24
- . The combination of olmesartan medoxomil and amlodipine besylate in controlling high blood pressure: COACH: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled, 8-week factorial efficacy and safety study. Clin Ther. 2008;30:587–604
- . Renin inhibition with aliskiren provides additive antihypertensive efficacy when used in combination with hydrochlorothiazide. J Hypertens. 2007;25:217–226
- . The sudden demise of dual renin-angiotensin system blockade or the soft science of the surrogate endpoint. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;53:468–470
- . Leapfrogging data: no shortcuts for safety or efficacy information. Circulation. 2008;118:2491–2494
PII: S0002-9149(09)02770-2
doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.11.044
© 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
« Previous
Next »
American Journal of Cardiology
Volume 105, Issue 6
, Pages 849-852
, 15 March 2010
