American Journal of Cardiology
Volume 104, Issue 11 , Pages 1457-1464 , 1 December 2009

Effects of Combination Lipid Therapy on Coronary Stenosis Progression and Clinical Cardiovascular Events in Coronary Disease Patients With Metabolic Syndrome: A Combined Analysis of the Familial Atherosclerosis Treatment Study (FATS), the HDL-Atherosclerosis Treatment Study (HATS), and the Armed Forces Regression Study (AFREGS)

  • Xue-Qiao Zhao, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author: Tel: 206-616-4905; fax: 206-616-4667
    • ,
  • Richard A. Krasuski, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
    • ,
  • Jefferson Baer, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
    • ,
  • Edwin J. Whitney, MD

      Affiliations

    • Heart Vascular Institute of Texas, San Antonio, Texas
    • ,
  • Blazej Neradilek, MS

      Affiliations

    • Mountain-Whisper-Light Statistical Consulting, Seattle, Washington
    • ,
  • Alan Chait, MD

      Affiliations

    • Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
    • ,
  • Santica Marcovina, PhD, ScD

      Affiliations

    • Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
    • ,
  • John J. Albers, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
    • ,
  • B. Greg Brown, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington

Received 28 February 2009 ,Revised 2 July 2009 ,Accepted 2 July 2009.

References 

  1. Brown BG, Zhao XQ, Chait A, Fisher LD, Cheung MC, Morse JS, et al. Simvastatin and niacin, antioxidant vitamins, or the combination for the prevention of coronary disease. N Engl J Med. 2001;345:1583–1592
  2. Brown BG, Albers JJ, Fisher LD, Schaefer SM, Lin JT, Kaplan C, et al. Regression of coronary artery disease as a result of intensive lipid-lowering therapy in men with high levels of apolipoprotein B. N Engl J Med. 1990;323:1289–1298
  3. Whitney EJ, Krasuski RA, Personius BE, Michalek JE, Maranian AM, Kolasa MW, et al. A randomized trial of a strategy for increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels: effects on progression of coronary heart disease and clinical events. Ann Intern Med. 2005;142:95–104
  4. Executive summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA. 2001;285:2486–2497
  5. Robins SJ, Rubins HB, Faas FH, Schaefer EJ, Elam MB, Anderson JW, et al. Insulin resistance and cardiovascular events with low HDL cholesterol: the Veterans Affairs HDL Intervention Trial (VA-HIT). Diabetes Care. 2003;26:1513–1517
  6. Friedman LM, Furberg CD, DeMets DL. Fundamentals of Clinical Trials. 3rd Ed.. New York: Springer; 1998;301–303
  7. Breslow NE, Day NE. Statistical Methods in Cancer Research, Volume I. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 1980;29–30
  8. Raghunathan TE, Lepkowski JM, Van Hoewyk J, Solenberger P. A multivariate technique for multiply imputing missing values using a sequence of Regression models. Surv Methodol. 2001;27:85–95
  9. Little RJA, Rubin DB. Statistical Analysis with Missing Data. 2nd Ed.. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons; 2002;
  10. Isomaa B, Almgren P, Tuomi T, Forsen B, Lahti K, Nissen M, et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Care. 2001;24:683–689
  11. Lakka HM, Laaksonen DE, Lakka TA, Niskanen LK, Kumpusalo E, Tuomilehto J, et al. The metabolic syndrome and total and cardiovascular disease mortality in middle-aged men. JAMA. 2002;288:2709–2716
  12. Davies MJ, Richardson PD, Woolf N, Katz DR, Mann J. Risk of thrombosis in human atherosclerotic plaques: role of extracellular lipid, macrophage, and smooth muscle cell content. Br Heart J. 1993;69:377–381
  13. Buchwald H, Matts JP, Fitch LL, Campos CT, Sanmarco ME, Amplatz K, et al. Changes in sequential coronary arteriograms and subsequent coronary events (Surgical Control of the Hyperlipidemias (POSCH) Group). JAMA. 1992;268:1429–1433
  14. Waters D, Craven TE, Lesperance J. Prognostic significance of progression of coronary atherosclerosis. Circulation. 1993;87:1067–1075
  15. Hulthe J, Bokemark L, Wikstrand J, Fagerberg B. The metabolic syndrome, LDL particle size, and atherosclerosis: the Atherosclerosis and Insulin Resistance (AIR) study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2000;20:2140–2147
  16. Jin F-Y, Kamanna VS, Kashyap ML. Niacin decreases removal of high-density lipoprotein apolipoprotein A-I but not cholesterol ester by Hep G2 cells: implication for reverse cholesterol transport. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1997;17:2020–2028
  17. Kamanna VS, Kashyap ML. Mechanism of action of niacin on lipoprotein metabolism. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2000;2:36–46
  18. Canner PL, Halperin M. Implications of findings in the coronary drug project for secondary prevention trials in coronary heart disease (The coronary drug project research group). Circulation. 1981;63:1342–1350
  19. Canner PL, Furberg CD, McGovern ME. Benefits of niacin in patients with versus without the metabolic syndrome and healed myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol. 2006;97:477–479
  20. Gordon DJ, Probstfield JL, Garrison RJ, Neaton JD, Castelli WP, Knoke JD, et al. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and cardiovascular disease (Four prospective American studies). Circulation. 1989;79:8–15
  21. Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Daniels SR, Donato KA, Eckel RH, Franklin BA, et al. Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: an American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute scientific statement. Circulation. 2005;112:2735–2752
  22. Brown BG, Stukovsky KH, Zhao XQ. Simultaneous low-density lipoprotein-C lowering and high-density lipoprotein-C elevation for optimum cardiovascular disease prevention with various drug classes, and their combinations: a meta-analysis of 23 randomized lipid trials. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2006;17:631–636
  23. Nicholls SJ, Tuzcu EM, Sipahi I, Grasso AW, Schoenhagen P, Hu T, et al. Statins, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and regression of coronary atherosclerosis. JAMA. 2007;297:499–508

 The Familial Atherosclerosis Treatment Study was supported by Grants P01 HL30086 and R01 HL19451 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland. The HDL-Atherosclerosis Treatment Study was supported in part by Grant R01 HL49546 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland and the 2 studies were supported with National Institutes of Health funding through the Clinical Nutrition Research Unit (DK 35816) and the Diabetes Endocrinology Research Center (DK 17047) at the University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. The Armed Forces Regression Study was supported by an unrestricted grant from the former Parke Davis Branch of Pfizer, Inc., New York, New York.

PII: S0002-9149(09)01353-8

doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.07.035

American Journal of Cardiology
Volume 104, Issue 11 , Pages 1457-1464 , 1 December 2009

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution