Comparison Between Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography and ^99mTechnetium Sestamibi Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography Determined Myocardial Viability in Predicting Hard Cardiac Events Following Acute Myocardial Infarction

The extent of residual myocardial viability (MV) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is an important determinant of the outcome. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is widely used to assess MV after an AMI. However, myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE), a relatively new technique for the assessment of MV, has better spatial and temporal resolution than SPECT. The present study evaluated whether MV determined by MCE is comparable to that determined using SPECT for the prediction of hard cardiac events after an AMI. Accordingly, 99 patients who had undergone simultaneous rest low-power MCE and nitrate-enhanced SPECT 7 days after an AMI were followed up for cardiac death and AMIs. Both MCE perfusion (1 = normal; 2 = reduced; and 3 = absent) and SPECT tracer uptake (0 = normal; 1 = mildly reduced; 2 = moderately reduced; 3 = severely reduced; and 4 = absent) were scored on a 16-segment left ventricular model. The contrast perfusion index and SPECT perfusion index were calculated by adding the respective scores in the 16 segments and dividing by 16. The contrast perfusion index and SPECT perfusion index were used as a measure of the residual MV on MCE and SPECT, respectively. Of the 99 patients recruited, 95 were available for the follow-up examination (follow-up 46 ± 16 months). A total of 15 events (16%) occurred (8 cardiac deaths and 7 AMIs). Of the clinical, biochemical, echocardiographic, and SPECT markers of prognosis, the only independent predictors of cardiac death and cardiac death or AMI were age and MV as determined by MCE (p = 0.01 and p = 0.002, respectively). In conclusion, MV determined by MCE at rest was superior to nitrate-enhanced SPECT for the prediction of hard cardiac events after AMI.