American Journal of Cardiology
Volume 104, Issue 8 , Pages 1041-1046 , 15 October 2009

Usefulness of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus as a Predictor of Coronary Artery Disease

  • Roxana Djaberi, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
    • ,
  • Joanne D. Schuijf, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
    • ,
  • Eelco J. de Koning, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
    • ,
  • Ton J. Rabelink, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
    • ,
  • Jan W. Smit, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
    • ,
  • Lucia J.M. Kroft, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
    • ,
  • Alberto M. Pereira, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
    • ,
  • Arthur J. Scholte, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
    • ,
  • Martin Spaans

      Affiliations

    • Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
    • ,
  • Johannes A. Romijn, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
    • ,
  • Albert de Roos, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
    • ,
  • Ernst E. van der Wall, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
    • ,
  • J. Wouter Jukema, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
    • Eindhoven Laboratory of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
    • Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands
    • ,
  • Jeroen J. Bax, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
    • Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author: Tel: 31-71-526-1757; fax: 31-71-526-6809

Received 9 April 2009 ,Revised 5 June 2009 ,Accepted 5 June 2009.

References 

  1. Kannel WB, McGee DL. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease (The Framingham study). JAMA. 1979;241:2035–2038
  2. Buse JB, Ginsberg HN, Bakris GL, Clark NG, Costa F, Eckel R, et al. Primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases in people with diabetes mellitus: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association and the American Diabetes Association. Circulation. 2007;115:114–126
  3. Raggi P, Bellasi A, Ratti C. Ischemia imaging and plaque imaging in diabetes: complementary tools to improve cardiovascular risk management. Diabetes Care. 2005;28:2787–2794
  4. Burke GL, Evans GW, Riley WA, Sharrett AR, Howard G, Barnes RW, et al. Arterial wall thickness is associated with prevalent cardiovascular disease in middle-aged adults (The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study). Stroke. 1995;26:386–391
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  6. Iglesias del Sol A, Bots ML, Grobbee DE, Hofman A, Witteman JC. Carotid intima-media thickness at different sites: relation to incident myocardial infarction; the Rotterdam Study. Eur Heart J. 2002;23:934–940
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  8. Lorenz MW, von Kegler S, Steinmetz H, Markus HS, Sitzer M. Carotid intima-media thickening indicates a higher vascular risk across a wide age range: prospective data from the Carotid Atherosclerosis Progression Study (CAPS). Stroke. 2006;37:87–92
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  10. Stein JH, Korcarz CE, Hurst RT, Lonn E, Kendall CB, Mohler ER, et al. Use of carotid ultrasound to identify subclinical vascular disease and evaluate cardiovascular disease risk: a consensus statement from the American Society of Echocardiography Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Task Force (Endorsed by the Society for Vascular Medicine). J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2008;21:93–111
  11. Greenland P, Abrams J, Aurigemma GP, Bond MG, Clark LT, Criqui MH, et al. Prevention Conference V: beyond secondary prevention: identifying the high-risk patient for primary prevention: noninvasive tests of atherosclerotic burden: Writing Group III. Circulation. 2000;101(suppl):E16–E22
  12. Touboul PJ, Hennerici MG, Meairs S, Adams H, Amarenco P, Bornstein N, et al. Mannheim carotid intima-media thickness consensus (2004–2006) (An update on behalf of the advisory board of the 3rd and 4th Watching the Risk Symposium, 13th and 15th European Stroke Conferences, Mannheim, Germany, 2004, and Brussels, Belgium, 2006). Cerebrovasc Dis. 2007;23:75–80
  13. Consensus development conference on the diagnosis of coronary heart disease in people with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1998;21:1551–1559
  14. Wackers FJ, Young LH, Inzucchi SE, Chyun DA, Davey JA, Barrett EJ, et al. Detection of silent myocardial ischemia in asymptomatic diabetic subjects: the DIAD study. Diabetes Care. 2004;27:1954–1961
  15. Coleman RL, Stevens RJ, Retnakaran R, Holman RR. Framingham, SCORE, and DECODE risk equations do not provide reliable cardiovascular risk estimates in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2007;30:1292–1293
  16. Guzder RN, Gatling W, Mullee MA, Mehta RL, Byrne CD. Prognostic value of the Framingham cardiovascular risk equation and the UKPDS risk engine for coronary heart disease in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: results from a United Kingdom study. Diabet Med. 2005;22:554–562
  17. Pignoli P, Tremoli E, Poli A, Oreste P, Paoletti R. Intimal plus medial thickness of the arterial wall: a direct measurement with ultrasound imaging. Circulation. 1986;74:1399–1406
  18. Haffner SM, Agostino RD, Saad MF, O'Leary DH, Savage PJ, Rewers M, et al. Carotid artery atherosclerosis in type-2 diabetic and nondiabetic subjects with and without symptomatic coronary artery disease (the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study). Am J Cardiol. 2000;85:1395–1400
  19. Lee CD, Folsom AR, Pankow JS, Brancati FL Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study Investigators. Cardiovascular events in diabetic and nondiabetic adults with or without history of myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2004;109:855–860
  20. Van Mieghem CA, McFadden EP, de Feyter PJ, Bruining N, Schaar JA, Mollet NR, et al. Noninvasive detection of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis coupled with assessment of changes in plaque characteristics using novel invasive imaging modalities: the Integrated Biomarker and Imaging Study (IBIS). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;47:1134–1142
  21. Yamasaki Y, Kodama M, Nishizawa H, Sakamoto K, Matsuhisa M, Kajimoto Y, et al. Carotid intima-media thickness in Japanese type 2 diabetic subjects: predictors of progression and relationship with incident coronary heart disease. Diabetes Care. 2000;23:1310–1315
  22. Bernard S, Sérusclat A, Targe F, Charrière S, Roth O, Beaune J, et al. Incremental predictive value of carotid ultrasonography in the assessment of coronary risk in a cohort of asymptomatic type 2 diabetic subjects. Diabetes Care. 2005;28:1158–1162
  23. Folsom AR, Kronmal RA, Detrano RC, O'Leary DH, Bild DE, Bluemke DA, et al. Coronary artery calcification compared with carotid intima-media thickness in the prediction of cardiovascular disease incidence: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Arch Intern Med. 2008;168:1333–1339

 Dr. Bax received grants from Medtronic (Minneapolis, Minneapolis), Biotronik (Berlin, Germany), Boston Scientific (Natick, Massachusetts), BMS Medical Imaging (North Billerica, Massachusetts), St. Jude Medical (St. Paul, Minnesota), GE Healthcare (Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom), and Edwards Lifesciences (Irvine, California). Dr. Jukema received grants from Biotronik, Boston Scientific, AstraZeneca (London, United Kingdom), Pfizer (New York, New York), and MSD (Whitehouse Station, New Jersey).

PII: S0002-9149(09)01174-6

doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.06.004

American Journal of Cardiology
Volume 104, Issue 8 , Pages 1041-1046 , 15 October 2009

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