American Journal of Cardiology
Volume 104, Issue 6 , Pages 829-834 , 15 September 2009

Effects of Increasing High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Decreasing Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol on the Incidence of First Acute Coronary Events (from the Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study)

  • Yadong Cui, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Merck & Compnay, Incorported, Whitehouse Station, New Jersey
    • ,
  • Douglas J. Watson, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Merck & Compnay, Incorported, Whitehouse Station, New Jersey
    • ,
  • Cynthia J. Girman, DrPH

      Affiliations

    • Merck & Compnay, Incorported, Whitehouse Station, New Jersey
    • ,
  • Deborah R. Shapiro, DrPH

      Affiliations

    • Merck & Compnay, Incorported, Whitehouse Station, New Jersey
    • ,
  • Antonio M. Gotto, MD, DPhil

      Affiliations

    • Cornell University Weill Medical College, New York, New York
    • ,
  • Patricia Hiserote, DO

      Affiliations

    • Touro University, Vallejo, California
    • ,
  • Michael B. Clearfield, DO

      Affiliations

    • Touro University, Vallejo, California
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author: Tel: (707) 638-5982; fax: (707) 638-5924

Received 18 February 2009 ,Revised 2 May 2009 ,Accepted 2 May 2009.

References 

  1. Downs JR, Clearfield M, Weis S, et al. Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention study (Primary prevention of acute coronary events with lovastatin in men and women with average cholesterol levels: results of AFCAPS/TexCAPS). J Am Med Assoc. 1998;279:1615–1622
  2. Gotto AM, Whitney E, Stein EA, et al. Relation between baseline and on-treatment lipid parameters and first acute major coronary events in the Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study (AFCAPS/TexCAPS). Circulation. 2000;101:477–484
  3. Downs JR, Beere PA, Whitney E, et al. Design and rationale of the Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study (AFCAPS/TexCAPS). Am J Cardiol. 1997;80:287–293
  4. Warnick GR, Benderson J, Albers JJ. Dextran sulfate-Mg2+ precipitation procedure for quantitation of high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol. Clin Chem. 1982;28:1379–1388
  5. Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem. 1972;18:499–502
  6. Myers GL, Cooper GR, Winn CL, Smith SJ. The Centers for Disease Control-National-Heart-Lung-And-Blood-institute Lipid Standardization Program—an approach to accurate and precise lipid measurements. Clin Lab Med. 1989;9:105–135
  7. Nicholls SJ, Tuzcu EM, Sipahi I, Grasso AW, Schoenhagen P, Hu T, et al. Statins, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and regression of coronary atherosclerosis. JAMA. 2007;297:499–508
  8. Castelli WP. Cholesterol and lipids in the risk of coronary artery disease—the Framingham Heart Study. Can J Cardiol. 1988;4(Suppl A):5A–10A
  9. Assmann G, Schulte H, von Eckardstein A, Huang Y. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol as a predictor of coronary heart disease risk: the PROCAM experience and pathophysiological implications for reverse cholesterol transport. Atherosclerosis. 1996;124(Suppl):S11–S20
  10. Gordon DJ, Probstfield JL, Garrison RJ, Neaton JD, Castelli WP, Knoke JD, et al. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and cardiovascular disease: four prospective American studies. Circulation. 1989;79:8–15
  11. Gordon DJ, Rifkind BM. High-density lipoprotein—the clinical implications of recent studies. N Engl J Med. 1989;321:1311–1316
  12. Jones PH, Davidson MH, Stein EA, Bays HE, McKenney JM, Miller E, et al. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of Rosuvastatin versus atorvastatin, simvastatin, and pravastatin across doses (STELLAR* Trial). Am J Cardiol. 2003;92:152–160
  13. Polonsky TS, Davidson MH. Reducing the residual risk of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase inhibitor therapy with combination therapy. Am J Cardiol. 2008;101:27B–35B
  14. Schaefer JR, Schweer H, Ikewaki K, Stracke H, Seyberth HJ, Kaffarnik H, et al. Metabolic basis of high density lipoproteins and apolipoprotein A-I increase by HMG-CoA reductase inhibition in healthy subjects and a patient with coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis. 1999;144:177–184
  15. Singh IM, Shishehbor MH, Ansell BJ. High-density lipoprotein as a therapeutic target: a systematic review. JAMA. 2007;298:786–798
  16. Pedersen TR, Olsson AG, Faergeman O, Kjekshus J, Wedel H, Berg K, et al. Lipoprotein changes and reduction in the incidence of major coronary heart disease events in the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Circulation. 1998;97:1453–1460
  17. Athyros VG, Mikhailidis DP, Papageorgiou AA, Symeonidis AN, Pehlivanidis AN, Bouloukos VI, et al. Effect of atorvastatin on high density lipoprotein cholesterol and its relation with coronary events: a subgroup analysis of the GREek Atorvastatin and Coronary-heart-disease Evaluation (GREACE) study. Curr Med Res Opin. 2004;20:627–637
  18. Barter P, Gotto AM, LaRosa JC, Barter P, Gotto AM, LaRosa JC, et al. HDL cholesterol, very low levels of LDL cholesterol, and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2007;357:1301–1310
  19. Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Merz CN, Brewer HB, Clark LT, Hunninghake DB, et al. Implications of recent clinical trials for the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;44:720–732
  20. Brown BG, Zhao XQ, Chait A, Fisher LD, Cheung MC, Morse JS, et al. Simvastatin and niacin, antioxidant vitamins, or the combination for the prevention of coronary disease. N Engl J Med. 2001;345:1583–1592
  21. Whitney EJ, Krasuski RA, Personius BE, Michalek JE, Maranian AM, Kolasa MW, et al. A randomized trial of a strategy for increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels: effects on progression of coronary heart disease and clinical events. Ann Intern Med. 2005;142:95–104
  22. Kuvin JT, Ramet ME, Patel AR, Pandian NG, Mendelsohn ME, Karas RH. A novel mechanism for the beneficial vascular effects of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol: enhanced vasorelaxation and increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression. Am Heart J. 2002;144:165–172

 This study and its report were supported by Merck & Co., Inc., North Wales, Pennsylvania.

 Drs. Cui, Watson, Girman, and Shapiro are employees and shareholders of Merck & Co., Inc., North Wales, Pennsylvania. Dr. Gotto is a consultant for Genentech (South San Francisco, California), Kowa (Nagoya, Japan), Merck (Whitehouse Station, New Jersey) and Merck/Schering-Plough (Kenilworth, New Jersey), is on the board of directors of Aegerion (Bridgewater, New Jersey) and Arisaph Pharmaceuticals (Boston, Massachusetts), and is a member of the advisory boards for DuPont (Wilmington, Delaware) and Novartis (Cambridge, Massachusetts). Dr. Clearfield is a consultant and speaker for AstraZeneca (Wilmington, Delaware) and Merck & Co., Inc. (North Wales, Pennsylvania).

PII: S0002-9149(09)01054-6

doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.05.020

American Journal of Cardiology
Volume 104, Issue 6 , Pages 829-834 , 15 September 2009

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution