American Journal of Cardiology
Volume 104, Issue 1 , Pages 1-4 , 1 July 2009

Impact of Optimal Medical Therapy With or Without Percutaneous Coronary Intervention on Long-Term Cardiovascular End Points in Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease (from the COURAGE Trial)

  • William E. Boden, MD

      Affiliations

    • VA Western New York Health Care System, Buffalo General Hospital, and the University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author: Tel: 716-859-1784; fax: 716-859-3765
    • ,
  • Robert A. O'Rourke, MD

      Affiliations

    • VA South Texas Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas
    • ,
  • Koon K. Teo, MB, BCh, PhD

      Affiliations

    • McMaster University Medical Center, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
    • ,
  • David J. Maron, MD

      Affiliations

    • Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
    • ,
  • Pamela M. Hartigan, PhD

      Affiliations

    • VA Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center and VA Connecticut Health Care System, West Haven, Connecticut
    • ,
  • Steven P. Sedlis, MD

      Affiliations

    • Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Health Care System and New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
    • ,
  • Marcin Dada, MD

      Affiliations

    • Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut
    • ,
  • Mohammed Labedi, MD

      Affiliations

    • VA Western New York Health Care System, Buffalo General Hospital, and the University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
    • ,
  • John A. Spertus, MD, MPH

      Affiliations

    • Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Missouri
    • ,
  • William J. Kostuk, MD

      Affiliations

    • London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
    • ,
  • Daniel S. Berman, MD

      Affiliations

    • Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
    • ,
  • Leslee J. Shaw, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
    • ,
  • Bernard R. Chaitman, MD

      Affiliations

    • St. Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
    • ,
  • G.B. John Mancini, MD

      Affiliations

    • University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
    • ,
  • William S. Weintraub, MD

      Affiliations

    • Christiana Care Health System, Newark, Delaware
    • ,
  • COURAGE Trial Investigators

Received 22 December 2008 ,Revised 20 February 2009 ,Accepted 20 February 2009.

References 

  1. Boden WE, O'Rourke RA, Teo KK, Hartigan PM, Maron DJ, Kostuk W, et al. Design and rationale of the Clinical Outcomes Utilizing Revascularization and Aggressive DruG Evaluation (COURAGE) trial Veterans Affairs Cooperative Studies Program Number 424. Am Heart J. 2006;151:1173–1179
  2. Boden WE, O'Rourke RA, Teo KK, Hartigan PM, Maron DJ, Kostuk W, et al. The evolving pattern of symptomatic coronary artery disease in the United States and Canada: baseline characteristics of the Clinical Outcomes Utilizing Revascularization and Aggressive DruG Evaluation (COURAGE) trial. Am J Cardiol. 2007;99:208–212
  3. Boden WE, O'Rourke RA, Teo KK, Hartigan PM, Maron DJ, Kostuk WJ, et al. Optimal medical therapy with or without PCI for stable coronary disease. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:1503–1516
  4. Kaplan EL, Meier P. Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations. 1958;74:457–481
  5. Cox DR. Regression models and lifetables. J R Stat Soc B. 1972;187–220
  6. Schoenfeld DA, Tsiatis AA. A modified log rank test for highly stratified data. Biometrica. 1987;74:167–175
  7. Kereiakes DJ. Interpreting the COURAGE trial (PCI is no better than medical therapy for stable angina? Seeing is not believing). Cleve Clin J Med. 2007;74:637–642
  8. Kereiakes DJ, Teirstein PS, Sarembock IJ, Holmes DR, Krucoff MW, O'Neill WW, et al. The truth and consequences of the COURAGE trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;50:1598–1603

 This study was sponsored by the Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Studies Program. Additional funding was provided by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. Supplemental corporate support from several pharmaceutical companies included funding and in-kind support. All support from the pharmaceutical industry consisted of unrestricted research grants payable to the Department of Veterans Affairs.

PII: S0002-9149(09)00661-4

doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.02.059

American Journal of Cardiology
Volume 104, Issue 1 , Pages 1-4 , 1 July 2009

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