American Journal of Cardiology
Volume 103, Issue 1 , Pages 124-129 , 1 January 2009

Morphology of the Patent Foramen Ovale in Asymptomatic Versus Symptomatic (Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack) Patients

Received 5 May 2008 ,Revised 19 August 2008 ,Accepted 19 August 2008.

References 

  1. Cabanes L, Mas JL, Cohen A, Amarenco P, Cabanes PA, Oubary P, et al. Atrial septal aneurysm and patent foramen ovale as risk factors for cryptogenic stroke in patients less than 55 years of age (A study using transesophageal echocardiography). Stroke. 1993;24:1865–1873
  2. Mas JL, Arquizan C, Lamy C, Zuber M, Cabanes L, Derumeaux G, et al. Recurrent cerebrovascular events associated with patent foramen ovale, atrial septal aneurysm, or both. N Engl J Med. 2001;345:1740–1746
  3. Lamy C, Giannesini C, Zuber M, Arquizan C, Meder JF, Trystram D, et al. Clinical and imaging findings in cryptogenic stroke patients with and without patent foramen ovale: the PFO-ASA Study. Stroke. 2002;33:706–711
  4. Overell JR, Bone I, Lees KR. Interatrial septal abnormalities and stroke: a meta-analysis of case-control studies. Neurology. 2000;55:1172–1179
  5. Pearson AC, Nagelhout D, Castello R, Gomez CR, Labovitz AJ. Atrial septal aneurysm and stroke: a transesophageal echocardiographic study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1991;18:1223–1229
  6. Natanzon A, Goldman ME. Patent foramen ovale: anatomy versus pathophysiology—which determines stroke risk?. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2003;16:71–76
  7. Schneider B, Hofmann T, Justen MH, Meinertz T. Chiari's network: normal anatomic variant or risk factor for arterial embolic events?. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995;26:203–210
  8. Homma S, Di Tullio MR, Sacco RL, Mihalatos D, Li Mandri G, Mohr JP. Characteristics of patent foramen ovale associated with cryptogenic stroke (A biplane transesophageal echocardiographic study). Stroke. 1994;25:582–586
  9. Steiner MM, Di Tullio MR, Rundek T, Gan R, Chen X, Liguori C, et al. Patent foramen ovale size and embolic brain imaging findings among patients with ischemic stroke. Stroke. 1998;29:944–948
  10. Schuchlenz HW, Weihs W, Horner S, Quehenberger F. The association between the diameter of a patent foramen ovale and the risk of embolic cerebrovascular events. Am J Med. 2000;109:456–462
  11. Hausmann D, Mugge A, Daniel WG. Identification of patent foramen ovale permitting paradoxic embolism. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995;26:1030–1038
  12. Stone DA, Godard J, Corretti MC, Kittner SJ, Sample C, Price TR, et al. Patent foramen ovale: association between the degree of shunt by contrast transesophageal echocardiography and the risk of future ischemic neurologic events. Am Heart J. 1996;131:158–161
  13. Van Camp G, Schulze D, Cosyns B, Vandenbossche JL. Relation between patent foramen ovale and unexplained stroke. Am J Cardiol. 1993;71:596–598
  14. Thomas CE. Patent foramen ovale and stroke risk: incidental finding or causal culprit?. Semin Neurol. 2005;25:371–375
  15. Meier B, Lock JE. Contemporary management of patent foramen ovale. Circulation. 2003;107:5–9
  16. Limacher MC, Gutgesell HP, Vick GW, Cohen MH, Huhta JH. Echocardiographic anatomy of the Eustachian valve. Am J Cardiol. 1986;57:363–365
  17. Schuchlenz HW, Saurer G, Weihs W, Rehak P. Persisting Eustachian valve in adults: relation to patent foramen ovale and cerebrovascular events. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2004;17:231–233
  18. Hara H, Virmani R, Ladich E, Mackey-Bojack S, Titus J, Reisman M, et al. Patent foramen ovale: current pathology, pathophysiology, and clinical status. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;46:1768–1776
  19. Pellett AA. The Chiari network in an echocardiography student. Echocardiography. 2004;21:91–93
  20. Onorato E, Pera IG, Melzi G, Rigatelli G. Persistent redundant Eustachian valve interfering with Amplatzer PFO occluder placement: anatomico-clinical and technical implications. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2002;55:521–524

PII: S0002-9149(08)01457-4

doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.08.036

American Journal of Cardiology
Volume 103, Issue 1 , Pages 124-129 , 1 January 2009

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution