American Journal of Cardiology
Volume 102, Issue 12 , Pages 1668-1673 , 15 December 2008

The Case for Chronic Kidney Disease, Diabetes Mellitus, and Myocardial Infarction Being Equivalent Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Mortality in Patients Older Than 65 Years

  • Arash Rashidi, MD

      Affiliations

    • Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Metro Health Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
    • Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Ohio Medical Group/North Ohio Heart Center, Cleveland, Ohio
    • ,
  • Ashwini Reddi Sehgal, MD

      Affiliations

    • Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Metro Health Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
    • Centers for Reducing Health Disparities and Healthcare Research and Policy, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
    • Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
    • ,
  • Mahboob Rahman, MD, MS

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
    • Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
    • Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
    • ,
  • Andrew Stenson O' Connor, DO, MPH

      Affiliations

    • Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Metro Health Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
    • Centers for Reducing Health Disparities and Healthcare Research and Policy, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
    • Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author: Tel: 216-778-4159; fax: 216-778-4321

Received 18 June 2008 ,Revised 25 July 2008 ,Accepted 25 July 2008.

References 

  1. Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Executive Summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA. 2001;285:2486–2497
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  3. Tonelli M, Wiebe N, Culleton B, House A, Rabbat C, Fok M, et al. Chronic kidney disease and mortality risk: a systematic review. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006;17:2034–2047
  4. Rashidi A, Ghanbarian A, Azizi F, Adler DS. Is chronic kidney disease comparable to diabetes as a coronary artery disease risk factor? (Evidence based on Whitehall ECG criteria for ischemia in a large screening population). South Med J. 2007;100:20–26
  5. Wattanakit K, Coresh J, Muntner P, Marsh J, Folsom AR. Cardiovascular risk among adults with chronic kidney disease, with or without prior myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;48:1183–1189
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  8. Shlipak MG, Fried LF, Cushman M, Manolio TA, Peterson D, Stehman-Breen C, et al. Cardiovascular mortality risk in chronic kidney disease: comparison of traditional and novel risk factors. JAMA. 2005;293:1737–1745
  9. Manjunath G, Tighiouart H, Coresh J, Macleod B, Salem DN, Griffith JL, et al. Level of kidney function as a risk factor for cardiovascular outcomes in the elderly. Kidney Int. 2003;63:1121–1129
  10. National Kidney Foundation. K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: evaluation, classification, and stratification. Am J Kidney Dis. 2002;39(suppl 1):17–31
  11. The Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care. 1997;20:1183–1197
  12. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo JL, et al. Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Hypertension. 2003;42:1206–1252
  13. Tonelli M. Should CKD be a coronary heart disease risk equivalent?. Am J Kidney Dis. 2007;49:8–11
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  15. Hemmelgarn BR, Ghali WA, Quan H, Brant R, Norris CM, Taub KJ, et al. Poor long-term survival after coronary angiography in patients with renal insufficiency. Am J Kidney Dis. 2001;37:64–72
  16. Anderson RJ, O'brien M, MaWhinney S, VillaNueva CB, Moritz TE, Sethi GK, et al. Renal failure predisposes patients to adverse outcome after coronary artery bypass surgery. Kidney Int. 1999;55:1057–1062
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  18. Foster MC, Hwang S, Larson MG, Lichtman JH, Parikh NI, Vasan RS, et al. Cross-classification of microalbuminuria and reduced glomerular filtration rate. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167:1386–1392
  19. Wetzels JF, Kiemeney LA, Swinkels DW, Willems HL, den Heijer M. Age- and gender-specific reference values of estimated GFR in Caucasians. Kidney Int. 2007;72:632–637
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PII: S0002-9149(08)01386-6

doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.07.060

American Journal of Cardiology
Volume 102, Issue 12 , Pages 1668-1673 , 15 December 2008

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