American Journal of Cardiology
Volume 102, Issue 9 , Pages 1136-1141.e1 , 1 November 2008

Defining Normal Distributions of Coronary Artery Calcium in Women and Men (from the Framingham Heart Study)

  • Udo Hoffmann, MD, MPH

      Affiliations

    • MGH Cardiac MR PET CT Program and the Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author: Tel: 617-726-1255; fax: 617-724-4152
    • ,
  • Joseph M. Massaro, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Boston University Department of Mathematics, Boston, Massachusetts
    • ,
  • Caroline S. Fox, MD

      Affiliations

    • Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Framingham, Massachusetts
    • Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
    • ,
  • Emily Manders, BS

      Affiliations

    • Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Framingham, Massachusetts
    • ,
  • Christopher J. O'Donnell, MD, MPH

      Affiliations

    • Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Framingham, Massachusetts
    • Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

Received 12 March 2008 ,Revised 30 June 2008 ,Accepted 30 June 2008.

References 

  1. Splansky GL, Corey D, Yang Q, Atwood LD, Cupples LA, Benjamin EJ, et al The Third Generation Cohort of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study: design, recruitment, and initial examination. Am J Epidemiol. 2007;165:1328–1335
  2. Cupples LA, D'Agostino RB. Some risk factors related to the annual incidence of cardiovascular disease and death using pooled repeated biennial measurements: Framingham Study, 30-year follow-up. In:  Kannel WB,  Wolf PA,  Garrison RJ editor. The Framingham Heart Study: An Epidemiologic Investigation of Cardiovascular Disease. Washington, DC: National Institutes of Health; 1987;p. 87–203
  3. Hong C, Bae KT, Pilgram TK. Coronary artery calcium: accuracy and reproducibility of measurements with multi-detector row CT—assessment of effects of different thresholds and quantification methods. Radiology. 2003;227:795–801
  4. Agatston AS, Janowitz WR, Hildner FJ, Zusmer NR, Viamonte M, Detrano R. Quantification of coronary artery calcium using ultrafast computed tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1990;15:827–832
  5. Hoffmann U, Siebert U, Bull-Stewart A, Achenbach S, Ferencik M, Moselewski F, et al. Evidence for lower variability of coronary artery calcium mineral mass measurements by multi-detector computed tomography in a community-based cohort—consequences for progression studies. Eur J Radiol. 2006;57:396–402
  6. Stanford W, Thompson BH, Burns TL, Heery SD, Burr MC. Coronary artery calcium quantification at multi-detector row helical CT versus electron-beam CT. Radiology. 2004;230:397–402
  7. Detrano RC, Anderson M, Nelson J, Wong ND, Carr JJ, McNitt-Gray M, et al. Coronary calcium measurements: effect of CT scanner type and calcium measure on rescan reproducibility—MESA study. Radiology. 2005;236:477–484
  8. McClelland RL, Chung H, Detrano R, Post W, Kronmal RA. Distribution of coronary artery calcium by race, gender, and age: results from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Circulation. 2006;113:30–37
  9. Greenland P, Bonow RO, Brundage BH, Budoff MJ, Eisenberg MJ, Grundy SM, et al ACCF/AHA 2007 clinical expert consensus document on coronary artery calcium scoring by computed tomography in global cardiovascular risk assessment and in evaluation of patients with chest pain: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Clinical Expert Consensus Task Force (ACCF/AHA Writing Committee to Update the 2000 Expert Consensus Document on Electron Beam Computed Tomography). Circulation. 2007;115:402–426
  10. Hoff JA, Chomka EV, Krainik AJ, Daviglus M, Rich S, Kondos GT. Age and gender distributions of coronary artery calcium detected by electron beam tomography in 35,246 adults. Am J Cardiol. 2001;87:1335–1339
  11. Bellasi A, Lacey C, Taylor AJ, Raggi P, Wilson PW, Budoff MJ, et al. Comparison of prognostic usefulness of coronary artery calcium in men versus women (results from a meta- and pooled analysis estimating all-cause mortality and coronary heart disease death or myocardial infarction). Am J Cardiol. 2007;100:409–414
  12. Akram K, Voros S. Absolute coronary artery calcium scores are superior to MESA percentile rank in predicting obstructive coronary artery disease. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2008;Mar 20. Epub ahead of print
  13. Naghavi M, Libby P, Falk E, Casscells SW, Litovsky S, Rumberger J, et al From vulnerable plaque to vulnerable patient: a call for new definitions and risk assessment strategies: part I. Circulation. 2003;108:1664–1672

 This work was supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Framingham Heart Study (National Institutes of Health/NHLBI Contract N01-HC-25195, Bethesda, maryland), Framingham, Massachusetts.

PII: S0002-9149(08)01140-5

doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.06.038

American Journal of Cardiology
Volume 102, Issue 9 , Pages 1136-1141.e1 , 1 November 2008

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