American Journal of Cardiology
Volume 101, Issue 11, Supplement , Pages S69-S77 , 2 June 2008

Nutritional Supplements with Oral Amino Acid Mixtures Increases Whole-Body Lean Mass and Insulin Sensitivity in Elderly Subjects with Sarcopenia

  • Sebastiano B. Solerte, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Geriatric Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress for reprints: Sebastiano B. Solerte, MD, PhD, Geriatric Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Rehabilitative Geriatric Unit ASP-S. Margherita, University of Pavia, via Emilia 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
    • ,
  • Carmine Gazzaruso, MD

      Affiliations

    • Cardiometabolic Unit, ICBM Clinical Institute, Vigevano, Italy
    • ,
  • Roberto Bonacasa, MD

      Affiliations

    • Geriatric Rehabilitative Unit, ASP S. Margherita Hospital, Pavia, Italy
    • ,
  • Mariangela Rondanelli, MD

      Affiliations

    • Geriatric Rehabilitative Unit, ASP S. Margherita Hospital, Pavia, Italy
    • ,
  • Mauro Zamboni, MD

      Affiliations

    • Geriatric Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
    • ,
  • Cristina Basso, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Research Consortium L. Amaducci CRIC, Arcugnano, Vicenza, Italy
    • ,
  • Eleonora Locatelli, MD

      Affiliations

    • Geriatric Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
    • ,
  • Nicola Schifino, MD

      Affiliations

    • Geriatric Rehabilitative Unit, ASP S. Margherita Hospital, Pavia, Italy
    • ,
  • Andrea Giustina, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Internal Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
    • ,
  • Marisa Fioravanti, BS

      Affiliations

    • Geriatric Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy

References 

  1. Roubenoff R. Sarcopenia: a major modifiable cause of frailty in the elderly. J Nutr Health Aging. 2000;4:140–142
  2. Morley JE, Baumgartner RN, Roubenoff R, Mayer J, Nair KS. Sarcopenia. J Lab Clin Med. 2001;137:231–243
  3. Schrager M, Bandinelli S, Maggi S, Ferrucci L. Sarcopenia: twenty open questions for a research agenda. Basic Appl Myol. 2003;13:203–208
  4. Doherty TJ. Invited review: Aging and sarcopenia. J Appl Physiol. 2003;95:1717–1727
  5. Kamel HK. Sarcopenia and aging. Nutr Rev. 2003;61:157–167
  6. Proctor DN, Balagopal P, Nair KS. Age-related sarcopenia in humans is associated with reduced synthetic rates of specific muscle proteins. J Nutr. 1998;128:351S–355S
  7. Rudman D, Feller AG, Cohn L, Shetty KR, Rudman IW, Draper MW. Effects of human growth hormone on body composition in elderly men. Horm Res. 1991;36:73–81
  8. Nair KS. Muscle protein turnover: methodological issues and the effects of aging. J Gerontol. 1995;50:107–114
  9. Lexell J, Taylor CC, Sjostrom M. What is the cause of the aging atrophy? (Total number, size and proportion of different fiber types studied in whole vastus lateralis muscle from 15- to 83-year-old men). J Neuro Sci. 1988;84:275–295
  10. Parise G, Yarasheski KE. The utility of resistance exercise training and amino acid supplementation for reversing age-associated decrements in muscle protein mass and function. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2000;3:1489–1495
  11. Roubenoff R. Origins and clinical relevance of sarcopenia. Can J Appl Physiol. 2001;26:78–89
  12. Barrett EJ, Schwartz RG, Young LH, Jacob R, Zaret BL. Effect of chronic diabetes on mitochondrial fuel metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Diabetes. 1988;37:943–948
  13. Wolfe RR. Effects of amino acid intake on anabolic processes. J Appl Physiol. 2001;26(Suppl):S220–S227
  14. Volpi E, Ferrando AA, Yeckel CW, Tipton KD, Wolfe RR. Exogenous amino acid stimulates net muscle protein synthesis in the elderly. J Clin Invest. 1998;101:200–207
  15. Nakajima Y, Takamata A, Matsukawa T, Sessler DI, Kitamura Y, Ueno H, et al. Effect of amino acid infusion on central thermoregulatory control in humans. Anesthesiology. 2004;100:634–639
  16. Paddon-Jones D, Sheffield-Moore M, Zhang X-J, Volpi E, Wolf SE, Asle A, et al. Amino acid ingestion improves muscle protein synthesis in the young and elderly. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2004;286:E321–E328
  17. Rasmussen BB, Wolfe RR, Volpi E. Oral and intravenously administered amino acids produce similar effects on muscle protein synthesis in the elderly. J Nutr Health Aging. 2002;6:358–362
  18. Tipton KD, Ferrando AA, Phillips SM, Doyle D, Wolfe RR. Post exercise net protein synthesis in human muscle from orally administered amino acids. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 1999;276:E628–E634
  19. Tipton KD. Muscle protein metabolism in the elderly: influence of exercise and nutrition. Can J Appl Physiol. 2001;26:588–606
  20. Solerte SB, Fioravanti M, Severgnini S, Locatelli M, Renzullo M, Pezza N, et al. Enhanced cytotoxic response of natural killer cells to interleukin-2 in Alzheimer's disease. Dementia. 1996;7:343–348
  21. Solerte SB, Fioravanti M, Vignati G, Giustina A, Cravello L, Ferrari E. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate enhances natural killer cell cytotoxicity in humans via locally generated immunoreactive insulin-like growth factor I. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999;84:3260–3267
  22. Solerte SB, Cravello L, Ferrari E, Fioravanti M. Overproduction of IFN-γ and TNF-α from natural killer cells (NK) is associated with abnormal NK reactivity and cognitive derangement in Alzheimer's disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci USA. 2000;917:331–340
  23. Solerte SB, Precerutti S, Gazzaruso C, Locatelli E, Zamboni M, Schifino N, et al. Defect of a subpopulation of natural killer immune cells in Grave's disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis: normalizing effect of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. Eur J Endocrinol. 2005;152:703–712
  24. Doehner W, Schoene N, Rauchhaus M, Leyva-Leon F, Pavitt DV, Reaveley DA, et al. Effects of xanthine oxidase inhibition with allopurinol on endothelial function and peripheral blood flow in hyperuricemic patients with chronic heart failure: results from 2 placebo-controlled studies. Circulation. 2002;105:2619–2624
  25. Pedersen BK, Ostrowski K, Rohde T, Bruunsgaard H. The cytokine response to strenuous exercise. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 1998;76:505–511
  26. Tsujinaka T, Fujita J, Ebisui C, Yano M, Kominami E, Suzuki K, et al. Interleukin 6 receptor antibody inhibits muscle atrophy and modulates proteolytic systems in interleukin 6 transgenic mice. J Clin Invest. 1996;97:244–249
  27. Visser M, Pahor M, Taaffe DR, Goodpaster BH, Simonsik EM, Newman AB, et al. Relationship of interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor-α with muscle mass and muscle strength in elderly men and women: the Health ABC Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2002;57:M326–M332
  28. Ji LL. Exercise at old age: does it increase or alleviate oxidative stress?. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2001;928:236–247
  29. Volpi E, Mittendorfer B, Wolf SE, Wolfe RR. Oral amino acids stimulate muscle protein anabolism in the elderly despite higher first-pass splanchnic extraction. Am J Physiol Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999;277:E513–E520
  30. Volpi E, Mittendorfer B, Rasmussen BB, Wolfe RR. The response of muscle protein anabolism to combined hyperaminoacidemia and glucose-induced hyperinsulinemia is impaired in the elderly. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000;85:4481–4490
  31. Volpi E, Kobayashi H, Sheffield-Moore M, Mittendorfer B, Wolfe RR. Essential amino acids are primarily responsible for the amino acid stimulation of muscle protein anabolism in healthy elderly adults. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;78:250–258
  32. Rasmussen BB, Tipton KD, Miller SL, Wolf SE, Wolfe RR. An oral essential amino acid-carbohydrate supplement enhances muscle protein anabolism after resistance exercise. Am J Physiol. 2000;88:386–392
  33. Traxinger RR, Marshall S. Role of amino acids in modulating glucose-induced desensitization of the glucose transport system. J Biol Chem. 1989;264:20910–20916
  34. Solerte SB, Gazzaruso C, Schifino N, Locatelli E, Destro T, Ceresini G, et al. Metabolic effects of orally administered amino acid mixture in elderly subjects with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Cardiol. 2004;93(suppl):23A–29A
  35. Sulochana KN, Punithan R, Ramakrishnan S. Beneficial effect of lysine and amino acids on cataractogenesis in experimental diabetes through possible antiglycation of lens proteins. Exp Eye Res. 1998;67:597–601

 This work was supported in part by a grant from the University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (project FAR, financial year 2005).

 Statement of author disclosure: Please see the Author Disclosures section at the end of this article.

PII: S0002-9149(08)00399-8

doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.03.004

American Journal of Cardiology
Volume 101, Issue 11, Supplement , Pages S69-S77 , 2 June 2008

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution