American Journal of Cardiology
Volume 99, Issue 7 , Pages 916-920 , 1 April 2007

Frequency of Slow Coronary Flow Following Successful Stent Implantation and Effect of Nitroprusside

  • Flavio Airoldi, MD

      Affiliations

    • San Raffaele Hospital IRCCS, Milan, Italy
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author: Tel: 39-02-2643-7331; fax: 39-02-2643-7339.
  • ,
  • Carlo Briguori, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Clinica Mediterranea, Naples, Italy
  • ,
  • Domenico Cianflone, MD

      Affiliations

    • San Raffaele Hospital IRCCS, Milan, Italy
  • ,
  • John Cosgrave, MD

      Affiliations

    • Emo Centro Cuore, Columbus Hospital, Milan, Italy
  • ,
  • Goran Stankovic, MD

      Affiliations

    • Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia, and Montenegro, Belgrade, Serbia.
  • ,
  • Cosmo Godino, MD

      Affiliations

    • San Raffaele Hospital IRCCS, Milan, Italy
  • ,
  • Mauro Carlino, MD

      Affiliations

    • San Raffaele Hospital IRCCS, Milan, Italy
  • ,
  • Alaide Chieffo, MD

      Affiliations

    • San Raffaele Hospital IRCCS, Milan, Italy
  • ,
  • Matteo Montorfano, MD

      Affiliations

    • San Raffaele Hospital IRCCS, Milan, Italy
  • ,
  • Marco Mussardo, MD

      Affiliations

    • San Raffaele Hospital IRCCS, Milan, Italy
  • ,
  • Iassen Michev, MD

      Affiliations

    • San Raffaele Hospital IRCCS, Milan, Italy
  • ,
  • Antonio Colombo, MD

      Affiliations

    • San Raffaele Hospital IRCCS, Milan, Italy
    • Clinica Mediterranea, Naples, Italy
  • ,
  • Attilio Maseri, MD

      Affiliations

    • San Raffaele Hospital IRCCS, Milan, Italy

References 

  1. Piana RN, Paik GY, Moscucci M, Cohen DJ, Gibson CM, Kugelmass AD, et al. Incidence and treatment of ‘no-reflow’ after percutaneous coronary intervention. Circulation. 1994;89:2514–2518
  2. Abbo KM, Dooris M, Glazier S, O’Neill WW, Byrd D, Grines CL, et al. Features and outcome of no-reflow after percutaneous coronary intervention. Am J Cardiol. 1995;75:778–782
  3. Eeckhout E, Kern MJ. The coronary no-reflow phenomenon: a review of mechanisms and therapies. Eur Heart J. 2001;22:729–739
  4. Marzilli M, Gliozheni E, Marraccini P, Fedele S. Primary coronary angioplasty in acute myocardial infarction: clinical correlates of the ‘no reflow’ phenomenon. Int J Cardiol. 1998;65(suppl 1):S23–S28
  5. Watson PS, Hadjipetrou P, Cox SV, Pyne CT, Gossman DE, Piemonte TC, et al. Angiographic and clinical outcomes following acute infarct angioplasty on saphenous vein grafts. Am J Cardiol. 1999;83:1018–1021
  6. Resnic FS, Wainstein M, Lee MK, Behrendt D, Wainstein RV, Ohno-Machado L, et al. No-reflow is an independent predictor of death and myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention. Am Heart J. 2003;145:42–46
  7. Hashimoto K. Cardiac irregularities induced by intracoronary injection of epinephrine and acetylcholine into various portions of the canine ventricle. Am Heart J. 1972;83:197–205
  8. Kitazume H, Iwama T, Kubo I, Ageishi Y, Suzuki A. No-reflow phenomenon during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Am Heart J. 1988;116:211–215
  9. Ito H, Maruyama A, Iwakura K, Takiuchi S, Masuyama T, Hori M, et al. Clinical implications of the ‘no reflow’ phenomenon (A predictor of complications and left ventricular remodeling in reperfused anterior wall myocardial infarction). Circulation. 1996;93:223–228
  10. Rawitscher D, Levin TN, Cohen I, Feldman T. Rapid reversal of no-reflow using abciximab after coronary device intervention. Catheter Cardiovasc Diagn. 1997;42:187–190
  11. Kaplan BM, Benzuly KH, Kinn JW, Bowers TR, Tilli FV, Grines CL, et al. Treatment of no-reflow in degenerated saphenous vein graft interventions: comparison of intracoronary verapamil and nitroglycerin. Catheter Cardiovasc Diagn. 1996;39:113–118
  12. Weyrens FJ, Mooney J, Lesser J, Mooney MR. Intracoronary diltiazem for microvascular spasm after interventional therapy. Am J Cardiol. 1995;75:849–850
  13. Ishihara M, Sato H, Tateishi H, Kawagoe T, Shimatani Y, Kurisu S, et al. Attenuation of the no-reflow phenomenon after coronary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction with intracoronary papaverine. Am Heart J. 1996;132:959–963
  14. Hillegass WB, Dean NA, Liao L, Rhinehart RG, Myers PR. Treatment of no-reflow and impaired flow with the nitric oxide donor nitroprusside following percutaneous coronary interventions: initial human clinical experience. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;37:1335–1343
  15. Olafsson B, Forman MB, Puett DW, Pou A, Cates CU, Friesinger GC, et al. Reduction of reperfusion injury in the canine preparation by intracoronary adenosine: importance of the endothelium and the no-reflow phenomenon. Circulation. 1987;76:1135–1145
  16. Marzilli M, Orsini E, Marraccini P, Testa R. Beneficial effects of intracoronary adenosine as an adjunct to primary angioplasty in acute myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2000;101:2154–2159
  17. TIMI Study Group. The Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) trial (Phase I findings). N Engl J Med. 1985;312:932–936
  18. Gibson CM, Cannon CP, Daley WL, Dodge JT, Alexander B, Marble SJ, et al. TIMI frame count: a quantitative method of assessing coronary artery flow. Circulation. 1996;93:879–888
  19. Gibson CM, Cannon CP, Murphy SA, Ryan KA, Mesley R, Marble SJ, et al. Relationship of TIMI myocardial perfusion grade to mortality after administration of thrombolytic drugs. Circulation. 2000;101:125–130
  20. Pasceri V, Pristipino C, Pelliccia F, Granatelli A, Speciale G, Roncella A, et al. Effects of the nitric oxide donor nitroprusside on no-reflow phenomenon during coronary interventions for acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol. 2005;95:1358–1361
  21. Moncada S, Palmer RM, Higgs EA. Nitric oxide physiology, pathophysiology and pharmacology. Pharmacol Rev. 1991;43:109–142
  22. Parham WA, Bouhasin A, Ciaramita JP, Khoukaz S, Herrmann SC, Kern MJ. Coronary hyperemic dose responses of intracoronary sodium nitroprusside. Circulation. 2004;16:1236–1243
  23. Golino P, Ashton JH, Buja LM, Rosolowsky M, Taylor AL, McNatt J, et al. Local platelet activation causes vasoconstriction of large epicardial canine coronary arteries in vivo (Thromboxane A2 and serotonin are possible mediators). Circulation. 1989;79:154–166
  24. Michibayashi T. Platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction related to platelet cyclooxygenase and 12-lipoxygenase pathways. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2005;12:154–162
  25. Ohmori T, Yatomi Y, Osada M, Ozaki Y. Platelet-derived sphingosine 1-phosphate induces contraction of coronary artery smooth muscle cells via S1P2. J Thromb Haemost. 2004;2:203–205
  26. Willerson JT, Eidt JF, McNatt J, Yao SK, Golino P, Anderson HV, et al. Role of thromboxane and serotonin as mediators in the development of spontaneous alterations in coronary blood flow and neointimal proliferation in canine models with chronic coronary artery stenoses and endothelial injury. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1991;17(suppl):101B–110B
  27. Eidt JF, Ashton J, Golino P, McNatt J, Buja LM, Willerson JT. Thromboxane A2 and serotonin mediate coronary blood flow reductions in unsedated dogs. Am J Physiol. 1989;257(suppl):H873–H882
  28. Stone GW, Rogers C, Hermiller J, Feldman R, Hall P, Haber R, et al Randomized comparison of distal protection with a filter-based catheter and a balloon occlusion and aspiration system during percutaneous intervention of diseased saphenous vein aorto-coronary bypass grafts. Circulation. 2003;108:548–553
  29. Lefkovits J, Holmes DR, Califf R, Safian RD, Pieper K, Keeler G, et al. Predictors and sequelae of distal embolization during saphenous vein graft intervention from the CAVEAT-II trial. Circulation. 1995;92:734–740

PII: S0002-9149(06)02490-8

doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2006.10.057

American Journal of Cardiology
Volume 99, Issue 7 , Pages 916-920 , 1 April 2007