American Journal of Cardiology
Volume 87, Issue 12 , Pages 1335-1339 , 15 June 2001

Age and gender distributions of coronary artery calcium detected by electron beam tomography in 35,246 adults

  • Julie Anne Hoff, PhD, RN

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine Chicago, Illinois, USA
  • ,
  • Eva V. Chomka, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine Chicago, Illinois, USA
  • ,
  • Andrew J. Krainik, MPH

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine Chicago, Illinois, USA
  • ,
  • Martha Daviglus, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois, USA
  • ,
  • Stuart Rich, MD

      Affiliations

    • Rush Heart Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
  • ,
  • George T. Kondos, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine Chicago, Illinois, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress for reprints: George T. Kondos, MD, Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, 840 South Wood Street (m/c 787), Chicago, Illinois 60612

Received 24 November 2000 ,Revised 18 January 2001 ,Accepted 24 November 2000.

References 

  1. Rumberger JA, Brundage BH, Rader DJ, Kondos GT. Electron beam computed tomographic coronary calcium scanning (a review and guidelines for use in asymptomatic persons). Mayo Clin Proc. 1999;74:243–252
  2. O’Rourke RA, Brundage BH, Froelicher VF, Greenland P, Grundy SM, Hachamovitch R, et al  ACC/AHA Expert consensus document on electron-beam computed tomography for the diagnosis and prognosis of coronary artery disease. Circulation. 2000;102:126–140
  3. Wexler L, Brundage B, Crouse J, Detrano R, Fuster V, Maddahi J, et al. Coronary artery calcium (pathophysiology, epidemiology, image methods and clinical implications—a scientific statement from the American Heart Association). Circulation. 1996;94:1175–1192
  4. Stanford W, Thompson BH. Imaging of coronary artery calcification (its importance in assessing atherosclerotic disease). Radiol Clin North Am. 1999;37:257–272
  5. Wong ND, Vo A, Abrahamson D, Tobis JM, Eisenberg H, Detrano RC. Detection of coronary artery calcium by ultrafast computed tomography and its relation to clinical evidence of coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol. 1994;73:223–227
  6. Fallavollita JA, Brody AS, Bunnell IL, Kumar K, Canty JM. Fast computed tomography detection of coronary calcification in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (comparison with angiography in patients <50 years old). Circulation. 1994;89:285–290
  7. Agatston AS, Janowitz WR, Hildner FJ, Zusmer NR, Viamonte M, Detrano R. Quantification of coronary artery calcium using ultrafast computed tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1990;15:827–832
  8. Kajinami K, Takekoshi N. Noninvasive prediction of coronary atherosclerosis by quantification of coronary artery calcification using electron beam computed tomography (comparison with electrocardiographic and thallium exercise stress test results). J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995;25:626–632
  9. Guerci AD, Spadaro LA, Popma JJ, Goodman KJ, Brundage BH, Lerner G, et al. Relation of coronary calcium score by electron beam computed tomography to arteriographic findings in asymptomatic and symptomatic adults. Am J Cardiol. 1997;79:128–133
  10. Rumberger JA, Simons B, Fitzpatrick LA, Sheedy PF, Schwartz RS. Coronary artery calcium area by electron-beam computed tomography and coronary atherosclerotic plaque area. Circulation. 1995;92:2157–2162
  11. Mautner SL, Mautner GC, Froehlich J, Feuerstein IM, Proschan MA, Roberts WC, et al. Coronary artery disease (prediction with in vitro electron beam CT). Radiology. 1994;192:625–630
  12. Arad Y, Spadaro LA, Goodman K, Lledo-Perez A, Sherman S, Lerner G, et al. Predictive value of electron beam computed tomography of the coronary arteries (19-month follow-up of 1173 asymptomatic subjects). Circulation. 1996;93:1951–1953
  13. Detrano R, Hsiai T, Wang S, Puentes G, Fallavollita J, Shields P, et al. Prognostic value of coronary calcification and angiographic stenoses in patients undergoing coronary angiography. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1996;27:285–290
  14. Secci A, Wong N, Tang W, Doherty T, Detrano R. Electron beam computed tomographic coronary calcium as a predictor of coronary events (comparison of two protocols). Circulation. 1997;96:1122–1129
  15. Rumberger JA, Sheedy PF, Breen JF, Schwartz RS. Coronary calcium, as determined by electron beam computed tomography, and coronary disease on arteriogram (effect of patient’s sex on diagnosis). Circulation. 1995;91:1363–1367
  16. Janowitz WR, Agatston AS, Kaplan G, Viamonte M. Differences in prevalence and extent of coronary artery calcium detected by ultrafast computed tomography in asymptomatic men and women. Am J Cardiol. 1993;72:247–254
  17. Grundy S. Primary prevention of coronary heart disease (integrating risk assessment with intervention). Circulation. 1999;100:988–998
  18. Agatston AS, Janowitz WR, Hildner FJ, Zustmer NR, Viamonte M, Detrano R. Quantification of coronary artery calcium using ultrafast computed tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1990;15:827–832
  19. Devries S, Wolfkiel C, Shah V, Chomka E, Rich S. Reproducibility of the measurement of coronary artery calcium with ultrafast computed tomography. Am J Cardiol. 1995;75:973–975
  20. US Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration. 1990 Census of Population. Social and Economic Characteristics. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1993.
  21. Garg R, Madans JH, Kleinman JC. Regional variation in ischemic heart disease incidence. J Clin Epidemiol. 1992;45:149–156
  22. Howard G, Manolio TA, Burke GL, Wolfson SK, O’Leary DH. Does the association of risk factors and atherosclerosis change with age? An analysis of the combined ARIC and CHS cohorts. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) and Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) investigators. Stroke. 1997;28:1693–1701
  23. Callister TQ, Raggi P. Concise review: electron beam tomography for early detection of coronary heart disease. In: Braunwald E, Fauci AS, Isselbacher KJ, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Jameson JL, editors. Harrison’s Online. www.harrisonsonline.com. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Companies, 2000.
  24. Janowitz WR, Agatston AS, Kaplan G, Viamonte M. Differences in prevalence and extent of coronary artery calcium detected by ultrafast computed tomography in asymptomatic men and women. Am J Cardiol. 1993;72:247–254
  25. He Z-X, Lakkis NM, Hedrick TD, England CJ, Verfani MS, Roberts R, et al. The severity of coronary artery calcification by ultrafast computed tomography predicts patients with stress-induced myocardial ischemia. (abstr) J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997;29:393A
  26. Rumberger JA, Sheedy PF, Breen JF, Schwartz RS. Electron beam computed tomographic coronary calcium score cutpoints and severity of associated angiographic lumen stenosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997;29:1542–1548
  27. Heller RF, Chinn S, Pedoe HD, Rose G. How well can we predict coronary heart disease? Findings in the United Kingdom heart disease prevention project. BMJ. 1984;288:1409–1411
  28. Wald NJ, Law M, Watt HC, Wu T, Bailey A, Johnson AM, et al. Apolipoproteins and ischaemic heart disease (implications for screening). Lancet. 1994;343:75–79

 This study was supported with internal funding from the Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois.

PII: S0002-9149(01)01548-X

American Journal of Cardiology
Volume 87, Issue 12 , Pages 1335-1339 , 15 June 2001